Sentences with phrase «for volcanic sulfate»

These intervals are often analyzed for volcanic sulfate by ice core scientists.

Not exact matches

To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.

Recent inspection of the sulfate records from the European project for ice coring in Antarctica's dronning maud land (EDML) ice core reveals sulfate peaks that have been correlated to presumed YTT sulfate peaks in the North Greenland ice core project (NGRIP) and GISP2 ice cores; however, once again no volcanic material has been identified (18).

My idea of a thriller novel, with at least the plot potential of State Of Fear, has for years been a group of rogue scientists who drill down to near the magma of a volcano on a remote Indonesian island and drop a nuclear bomb down there to break things loose and start a real volcanic reaction — leaving us with lots of sulfates in the atmosphere.

I also found a paper analyzing sulfate from a different Greenland ice core for volcanic eruption signals: http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Big2001a.pdf

Also, volcanic eruptions such as that of the Philippines» Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 can cool the planet for a few years by adding sulfate particles into the stratosphere, reflecting solar radiation back to space.

Global solar irradiance reconstruction [48 — 50] and ice - core based sulfate (SO4) influx in the Northern Hemisphere [51] from volcanic activity (a); mean annual temperature (MAT) reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere [52], North America [29], and the American Southwest * expressed as anomalies based on 1961 — 1990 temperature averages (b); changes in ENSO - related variability based on El Junco diatom record [41], oxygen isotopes records from Palmyra [42], and the unified ENSO proxy [UEP; 23](c); changes in PDSI variability for the American Southwest (d), and changes in winter precipitation variability as simulated by CESM model ensembles 2 to 5 [43].

Observed temperature (black line), the out - of - sample forecast for global surface temperature driven by anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing (red line) and the out - of - sample forecast for global surface temperature driven by natural variables (solar insolation, SOI, and volcanic sulfates)(green line).

The 95 % confidence intervals in Figs. 2 and 3 represent uncertainty in the statistical estimates of the regression model for observed paths of forcings, SOI, and volcanic sulfates.

The Sulfate cooling mechanism is also evidenced whenever there is a high ejecta mass volcanic eruption, which causes a measurable cooling effect, for about 3 years after an eruption; until the sulfate particulate aerosols diminish in the atmosphere to the point that they become neglSulfate cooling mechanism is also evidenced whenever there is a high ejecta mass volcanic eruption, which causes a measurable cooling effect, for about 3 years after an eruption; until the sulfate particulate aerosols diminish in the atmosphere to the point that they become neglsulfate particulate aerosols diminish in the atmosphere to the point that they become negligible.

Time series for solar insolation (18), SOI (19), and the radiative forcing of volcanic sulfates (20) are updated with values from sources that are used to generate the original dataset.

That same reference finds that the statistical estimates for the temperature effect of volcanic sulfates and ENSO (and effects of ENSO on atmospheric CO2) are consistent with estimates derived from climate models and empirical analyses.

Volcanic eruptions emit sulfate aerosols via volcanic plumes, which may stay in the stratosphere for months to years, reflecting sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere over a longVolcanic eruptions emit sulfate aerosols via volcanic plumes, which may stay in the stratosphere for months to years, reflecting sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere over a longvolcanic plumes, which may stay in the stratosphere for months to years, reflecting sunlight back into space, cooling the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere over a long time...