The paper focuses on issues that have kept graduation rates for students of color between the upper 60s to low 70s percentage points, compared to
rates for white students above 80 %.
The four - year adjusted cohort graduation rate reported by the state for the 2014 - 15 school year was 79 percent for Black students, but 90
percent for White students.
At the same time,
scores for white students in 2008 were the highest ever in both reading and math for nine - and thirteen - year olds.
Between the early 1970s and 2008, math scores at this age improved by 4
points for white students, 17 points for African American students, and 16 points for Latino students.
Similarly, the
results for white students could merely reflect the possibility that the black teachers in predominantly white schools tend to be of lower quality than the white teachers in those schools.
Although achievement is not where it should be, notable improvements have been
made for white students, African American students, and Latino students.
In 8th - grade math, we find extremely large positive effects for Hispanic students and small, only marginally significant
effects for white students.
The
goal for white student high school graduate rate increases is too low, just over one - tenth of one percent per year.
This high risk for suspension is a full 16 percentage points higher than the
risk for white students with disabilities.
How might spending the bulk of their school years only with students of their same ethnicity be a
problem for white students as well as for students of color?
Additionally, the immediate college enrollment
rate for White students was higher than that for Hispanic students from 2000 through 2010.
By contrast, the suspension rate for Latino students was 3.7 percent, 3.2
percent for white students, and 1.1 percent for Asian students.
For white students of similar backgrounds, the «penalty» for attending a school with greater numbers of black students disappeared.
The 2015 graduation rate
for white students in the Madison Metropolitan School District was about 90 percent, while the graduation rate for black students was 59 percent.
This placed the average black 12th grader at the 13th percentile of the score
distribution for white students — meaning that 87 percent of white 12th graders placed ahead of the average black 12th grader.
Local officials worked with the Virginia General Assembly to create a «tuition grant» program that allocated
vouchers for white students to attend segregated private schools or other nearby public schools.
In a 2015 study, the RAND Corporation found that achievement gaps among white and black and white and Hispanic students equate to roughly three years of additional
learning for white students.
«The problem with this logic,» Natasha Warikoo writes, «is that it assumes that the number of
seats for white students — the majority in most schools — must remain constant, while Asian Americans and black and Latino applicants vie for the remaining slots.»
It is true that private
academies for white students sprang up in the South after the historic Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
Moreover, teacher feedback on suspension
forms for white students included notes that compassionately described extenuating circumstances that might have caused the behavior, i.e. «John's parents are going through a difficult divorce, and this may have affected his decision - making.»
This is especially
necessary for white students, for whom teaching about this history of racial inequality is more difficult at times because racial inequality is not interwoven into their lived experience.
Another study found that class - size reduction in Tennessee's K — 3 classrooms increased college enrollment rates by about 6 percentage points among African American students, although no impacts were
observed for white students.
STANFORD — A new study by Dartmouth economist Elizabeth Cascio finds that state funding of universal kindergarten has some long - term
benefit for white students but does not necessarily yield clear benefits for African American students.
Three weeks earlier, three black students transferred from the school after a group of white students claimed that they had organized students to
vote for white student groups at a school «lip sync» music contest.
We find large, statistically significant bias when it comes to white teachers» expectations for black students, and almost
none for white students (see Figure 2).
On the other hand, the District of Columbia, often seen as the capital of gentrification, didn't post any statistically significant
progress for its white students.
Similarly tepid majorities overall say that racially diverse schools produce a better learning
environment for white students (51 %) or black and Hispanic students (55 %).
The experimetners found that writing about social belonging in the writing assignment was associated with a greater increase in GPA for Black students (but
not for White students, indicating that the effect is due to reduction in stereotype threat.)
While black students were only 11 percent of the district's enrollment, they received 51.3 percent of the short - term suspensions, compared to 23.6 percent
for white students who made up 51.5 percent of the enrollment.
Worse, studies have shown that White teachers generally hold lower expectations for Black and Latino students than they
do for White students, though this is not true for Black teachers.
Paul Gibson, an alternate parent representative on the School Governance Council, said that information presented at council meetings suggests that the science labs were largely
classes for white students.
Because private schools were considered to be a
sanctuary for white students fleeing integrated schools, policymakers decided to impose regulatory requirements on them that mirrored those in place for the public school system.
«They appear pretty clearly to be a
way for white students to get out of more racially integrated schools,» said economics professor Helen Ladd, one of the authors of the draft report released Monday.
Some patches also depict the more difficult side of the community's history: the first
schoolhouse for white students and a separate one for black students, scenes of turbulence during the court - ordered integration years, and scenes of conflict and reconciliation.
Experts say that means there is even more of a need for minority teachers, who may be better able to understand and relate to non-white students, as well as provide exposure to non-white role
models for white students.