Charter schools were not set up, as the authors assert, to be «
a force for desegregation,» admirable as that goal is.
Not exact matches
In a tour de
force that will likely be debated
for decades to come, Souter focused on two cases: the Brown v. Board of Education
desegregation case of 1954, and the New York Times Co. v. United States Pentagon Papers case of 1971.
In fact, social conservatives in the USA, led by Christian conservatives, have fought or disagreed with religious diversity, religious equality, abolition of slavery, Suffrage,
desegregation, integrating the armed
forces, Brown v Board of Education, mixed race marriages, respect and equality
for Jews (not in MY country club!)
Although some research finds that such benefits exist, the available data have not permitted researchers to confirm the causal effects of
desegregation on nonacademic benefits
for the same reasons that it is difficult to produce convincing findings on academic benefits: the nonrandom sorting of students among school environments and the real possibility that
forced busing may produce effects very different from those of living in a racially or socioeconomically mixed community.
In detailing the program's existence, the U.S. District Court
for the Southern District of Mississippi found that segregation academies in the state were consistently established in public school districts that had either recently been
forced to desegregate by the courts or had recently submitted
desegregation plans.48 Appendix B of the court's ruling reveals the percentage of tuition that was covered by the vouchers offered to students at a number of the state's segregation academies.
Previous administrations have adjusted the pace of enforcement based on their ideology and political will.32
For example, then - President Richard Nixon ordered the OCR to not issue clarification to guidance around school integration in hopes of slowing
desegregation.33 Then - OCR Director Leon Panetta was
forced to resign after he contradicted the president and agreed to issue clarification.34 At any given time, the OCR must evaluate violations of federal civil rights laws; it will now be up to Education Secretary DeVos to decide if violations are addressed or swept under the rug.
During the 1980s, when
desegregation was in full effect — with
forced busing in some cities and less dramatic strategies elsewhere — the black - white achievement gap on the National Assessment
for Educational Progress shrunk faster than it ever has before or since.