Sentences with phrase «forcing at the surface»

These bolts are often located deep inside the structure of the aircraft, and can not be destroyed by force at the surface.

Irschick says the increased stiffness enhances adhesion because it enables the surfaces forces at the surface, produced by van der Waals bonds, to be stored and distributed efficiently.

Program documents on the DARPA Web site state the goal of the Casimir Effect Enhancement program «is to develop new methods to control and manipulate attractive and repulsive forces at surfaces based on engineering of the Casimir force.

The actual amount of «forcing at the surface» is a subject of heated debates because many non-trivial factors are acting at the surface.

I wrote: «CO2 has been shown in laboratory conditions to increase radiative forcing at the surface.»

That may not seem like much, but the increase in forcing at the surface for an instantaneous doubling of CO2 for a tropical atmosphere is only 1.6 W / m ² according to MODTRAN.

Small, but not negligible compared to the increase in forcing at the surface from doubling CO2.

RB, «Therefore net forcing at the surface has to be 3.6 W / m ^ 2.

Therefore net forcing at the surface has to be 3.6 W / m ^ 2.

Like the other metrics discussed above, global mean radiative forcing at the surface would not allow characterization of the regional structure of forcing.

It also fails to model viscosity which is the dominant force at the surface.

The sum of the direct and the indirect forcing at the surface is as much as − 20 W m − 2, which amounts to a reduction of about 10 percent of the absorbed solar radiation at the surface.

That's lapse rate feedback, it's a negative feedback, and is hasn't really been measured very well on a global average basis to determine how much GHG forcing at the surface is negated by it.

How can you tell that the TOA perspective, accurate to «first - order», is accurate enough to calculate the change in the mean surface temperature (following an increase in forcing at the surface) to the first significant figure?

As a consequence, the ocean - atmosphere flux depends upon not only forcing at the surface but the forcing at the TOA.

Ramanthan emphasizes that it is not just the radiative forcing at the surface, but also the atmospheric warming from CO2 that amplifies the surface warming.

I don't understand the concentration on forcing at the surface while apparently ignoring the total forcing.

The forcing at the surface from an instantaneous doubling of CO2 is only a starting point.

Not exact matches

At least 20 videos have surfaced showing YPG forces targeting, and in many instances destroying, invading Turkish tanks and armored vehicles with anti-tank guided missile systems.

• In a magnetic force microscope, the tip senses changes in the magnetic structure of the surface at the atomic level.

It's what happens when the questions you've pushed down your whole life finally bubble over the surface, and you're forced to stare honestly at your doubts.

Due to the threats from the mob, Marty and Wendy are forced to put their marriage back together, at least on the surface, and move along with their two teenagers to Lake of the Ozarks in Missouri.

Watching the frothy drag on the longboats as they putt between banks gives you some hint of the forces at play underneath the surface.

James Prior to this program, James served in the U.S. Navy as a Boatswain Mate Third Class Surface Warfare Specialist serving at Expeditionary Strike Group Seven, Seal Delivery Vehicle Team Two, Commander Submarine Force Group, Special Operations Command Central and on the USS Paul Hamilton DDG 60.

Our opponents had an option to make more money by playing the game at a different venue, but gamely decided to force Arsenal to come to their 5000 capacity stadium to play on an artificial surface, which is the biggest danger to Arsenal coming through the game unscathed.

Those feelings come back... sometimes full force when I hear stories like this or sometimes they surface at unexpected (and embarrassing) times.

Survival for a newborn beluga whale at the Shedd Aquarium remains a question mark as the little male tries to overcome birthing complications that forced four divers into his pool in a desperate move to get him to the surface to take his first breath.

Humans, plants and other animals all evolved to survive 1 g of force, the average gravity they feel at Earth's surface.

In the Earth Surface Dynamics Lab at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) the behavior of rivers is modeled through the use of artificial rivers — flumes — through which water can be pumped at varying rates over a variety of carefully graded sediments while drag force and acceleration are measured.

The probe of an atomic force microscope (AFM) scans a surface to reveal details at a resolution 1,000 times greater than that of an optical microscope.

In that year, physicist Steve Lamoreaux, now at Yale, managed to detect the feeble Casimir force on two small surfaces separated by a few thousandths of a millimeter.

The material in these plumes may originate in an underground ocean before being forced to the — 300 degree Fahrenheit surface and spewed out through cracks at the moon's south pole.

It was the Antarctic ice, they argue, that cut off heat exchange at the ocean's surface and forced it into deep water.

Researchers discovered the likely mechanism behind petrichor only in 2015: A study in Nature Communications found that the average raindrop hits a porous surface with enough force to trap air bubbles at point of impact.

Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet rays from the sun would reach the surface at nearly full force, causing skin cancer and, more seriously, killing off the tiny photosynthetic plankton in the ocean that provide oxygen to the atmosphere and bolster the bottom of the food chain.

At the Vienna University of Technology, it has now been possible to selectively switch individual oxygen molecules sitting on a titanium oxide surface between a non-reactive to a reactive state using a special force microscope.

Using a special kind of atomic force microscope to control the spacing of the surfaces, they found that this strange attraction kicked in at an even longer distance of up to two microns and that it was accompanied by the formation of a vapor bubble in between.

Using a device called the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) developed by Israelachvili, he and his research team investigated the process of crevice and pitting corrosion and were able to get a real - time look at the process of corrosion on confined surfaces.

At the point on the ocean's surface closest to the moon (point A in the illustration), the lunar gravitational attractive force is strongest and it pulls the ocean toward itself.

Scientists seeking to understand the forces at work beneath the surface of Earth have used seismic waves to detect previously unknown «fingers» of heat, some of them thousands of miles long, in Earth's upper mantle.

However, gravity on the comet is also very weak, and an analysis of the forces exerted on the grains at the comet's surface shows that these thermal winds can transport centimeter - scale grains, whose presence has been confirmed by images of the ground.

Another approach operates at the bottom of New York City's East River, where in 2006 Verdant Power, Inc., planted six windmill - like turbines — each 16 feet (five meters) in diameter — 30 feet (nine meters) below the surface and churning at a peak rate of 32 revolutions per minute to transform strong tidal forces into electricity.

In August, physicists at the University of Tennessee announced that the force that holds 1950 DA together is the same force that allows the fine hair on a gecko's feet to stick to vertical surfaces: namely, weak electric attraction between individual molecules, called van der Waals» forces.

They used a type of atomic force microscopy, in which a vibrating needle - like tip is scanned over a surface, and differences in vibrational frequency due to the presence of electrons below are recorded at different spots.

The fact that Titan has significant mountains at all suggests that some active tectonic forces could be affecting the surface, for example, related to Titan's rotation, tidal forces from Saturn or cooling of the crust.

The SFA measured the forces and distances between the two membrane surfaces as they were pushed together, visualized at the Ångstrom (one - tenth of a nanometer) level.

However, by combining the capabilities of the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA)-- a device that can measure the tiny forces generated by the interaction of two surfaces at the sub-nano scale — and simultaneous imaging using a fluorescence microscope, the researchers were able to see in real time how the cell membranes rearrange in order to connect and open a fusion conduit betweenForces Apparatus (SFA)-- a device that can measure the tiny forces generated by the interaction of two surfaces at the sub-nano scale — and simultaneous imaging using a fluorescence microscope, the researchers were able to see in real time how the cell membranes rearrange in order to connect and open a fusion conduit betweenforces generated by the interaction of two surfaces at the sub-nano scale — and simultaneous imaging using a fluorescence microscope, the researchers were able to see in real time how the cell membranes rearrange in order to connect and open a fusion conduit between them.

On its flight across the Pacific — the first for a balloon — the four - man crew battled violent storms and a buildup of two tons of ice on the balloon's surface, forcing them at one point to hover just 4,500 feet above the ocean.

Professor Kamber said: «Due to later tectonic forces, all the rocks of the once ~ 200 km - wide structure are now exposed at the surface rather than being buried.

The single - atom tip of the noncontact atomic force microscope «feels» changes in the strength of electronic forces as it moves across the surface at a constant height.