Foreign aid has been curtailed and, with no stable government in place to enforce the law, NGOs in Madagascar report that criminal
organisations have been quick to exploit the country's unique animal and plant life.
Secondly, it followed therefore that those acts for which Mr Lounani was convicted, ie membership and participation in the running and activities of a terrorist
organisation, forgery of documents and facilitating travel of
foreign fighters to Iraq, could fall within the scope of the exclusion clause despite the fact that there is no direct link between Mr Lounani's activities and specific acts of terrorism, nor indeed is there direct evidence that the individuals he
aided in travelling to Iraq themselves engaged in specific acts of terrorism.