The professor's third point focused on how digital currency transactions can be used for money laundering and financial fraud, as well as to
avoid foreign exchange controls.
At an April 12 forum, Yuri Polupanov, the head of the bank's Financial Monitoring and
Foreign Exchange Control Department, said that unlicensed, over-the-counter (OTC) cryptocurrency exchanges have sprung up in the shopping centers known as TC «Moscow,» «Food City,» and TC «Sadovod» (the latter of which is co-owned by Ilham Rahimov, a former classmate of President Vladimir Putin).
Exchange control licences: Most countries also have some form
of foreign exchange control, i.e. controls over the amounts of foreign currency in their economies.
In a place where the government has enforced
strict foreign exchange controls and no foreign merchants will accept VEF, Bitcoin allows citizens to import basic goods from abroad into a country where food and medical supplies are often inaccessible.
Because virtual currency has no borders, cross-border payments through virtual currency can
avoid foreign exchange controls, and there is a greater need to guard against such anonymous transactions for countries and economies where capital projects are not fully open.
Other unfavourable factors include weakening market demand amid the economic downturn, administrative inefficiency, non-transparent legal systems,
foreign exchange controls, high tax rates and high labour costs, the report said.
As one commenter on Hacker News pointed out: «
Foreign exchange controls are normally difficult to implement and enforce.
The core information provided in the app includes select tax, securities,
foreign exchange controls, labor, and data privacy considerations for employee stock options, employee stock purchase rights, and employee restricted stock and restricted stock units.
The elite U.S. and British law firms with significant cross-border M&A practices will face challenges in early 2017 with
the foreign exchange controls and capital outflow restrictions by the PRC government.
The developments come on the heels of a new warning from the PBoC to domestic bitcoin exchanges about the need for tighter anti-money laundering and
foreign exchange controls.