The horn was the standard
form of amplification before electronic amplification, which also let them slow the record down from 78 RPM to 33-1/3, which produces far less volume.
Not exact matches
As the scientists point out, the combination
of oscillatory signals together with resonance induced
amplification may be the only possible
form of long distance communication in certain cases.
Random lasers use light - diffusing materialoften in the
form of a fine powderto trap light within the system long enough for
amplification to occur.
Eschewing any conventional notions
of beauty, or in many cases even taste, these works privilege instead a
form of the grotesque, where identity often approximates a kind
of caricature or mask: an exaggeration and
amplification of reality.
Phillipson excels in her use
of vernacular
forms and the ability to seize the language
of spectacle, to produce playful irony and reveal deeper truths by
amplification, repetition and saturation.
The cooling trend due to reduction
of CO2 and changes in climate associated with changes in the geography eventually allowed Northern Hemisphere ice sheets to
form, whereafter the strong
amplification of Milankovic was possible.
Re 9 wili — I know
of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic
amplification specifically in the cold part
of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity
of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up
of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part
of the year when ice
forms later or would have
formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect
of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).
«Arctic
Amplification»
form CO2 was not primarily from the (theorectical) loss -
of - ice / increase in albedo meme so often used, but ratehr it began from the relative amounts
of GHG's in the warmer, more water - vapor laden equatorial climates to the very dry Arctic regions.
It is then critical to consider whether the observed and expected dramatic declines in Arctic sea ice are causing fundamental changes in sensible heat and evaporation fluxes and influencing the magnitude and
form of Arctic
amplification.
Although we focus on a hypothesized CR - cloud connection, we note that it is difficult to separate changes in the CR flux from accompanying variations in solar irradiance and the solar wind, for which numerous causal links to climate have also been proposed, including: the influence
of UV spectral irradiance on stratospheric heating and dynamic stratosphere - troposphere links (Haigh 1996); UV irradiance and radiative damage to phytoplankton influencing the release
of volatile precursor compounds which
form sulphate aerosols over ocean environments (Kniveton et al. 2003); an
amplification of total solar irradiance (TSI) variations by the addition
of energy in cloud - free regions enhancing tropospheric circulation features (Meehl et al. 2008; Roy & Haigh 2010); numerous solar - related influences (including solar wind inputs) to the properties
of the global electric circuit (GEC) and associated microphysical cloud changes (Tinsley 2008).
Such forced, AMOC strength as well as the preferred ENSO phase can vary, leading to temporal temperature
amplifications (e.g. in
form of a decade long NAO + / - or El Nino / La Nina phase).