The difference in lightning activity can't be explained by changes in the weather, according to the study's authors, who conclude that aerosol particles emitted in ship exhaust are changing how storm clouds
form over the ocean.
«Hurricanes almost always
form over ocean water warmer than about 80 degrees F. in a belt of generally east - to - west flow called the trade winds.
Storms mostly move around the globe in preferred regions called «storm tracks,»
forming over the ocean and generally traveling eastward and somewhat poleward along these paths.
These enormous, swirling storm systems
form over the ocean.
Hurricanes
form over ocean hot spots.
The G - 1 aircraft probed the clouds that
form over the ocean and their transformations upon landfall as well as the orographic effects over the coastal range and the Sierra Nevada.
One is natural: a low - lying cloud bank that naturally
forms over the ocean.
The G - 1 probed the clouds that
form over the ocean and their transformations upon landfall as well as the orographic effects over the coastal range and the Sierra Nevada.
Dissolved CO2 being removed from the ocean, and clouds
formed over the ocean, on our time scale, looks to be mostly biology.
Two main wind -
forms over the ocean are the trade winds and westerly winds.
Not exact matches
4c) let there be LIGHT (1 - 4 all the first day) 5c) God next creates the heavens (what we call the sky) above (2nd day) 6c) dry land appears as the
oceans form (3rd day) 7c) green plant life appears on land (3rd day also) 8c) the cloud cover left
over from the billions of years of rain finally condenses enough that a visible moon and sun can be seen from the earth's surface through the clouds (4th day) 9c) God creates sea life including fish and birds (5th day) 10c) God creates cattle and beasts (large land animals)(6th day) 11c) God creates man.
For a rope cloud to
form, the leading edge of the cold air mass must be advancing straight and steady, which can happen only if it is flowing
over a smooth, flat surface like the
ocean.
When it's cold enough to
form ice shelves that extend
over the Antarctic land mass and into the
ocean, much of what drops to the seafloor is sand and gravel that the glacier has picked up on its slow march from the continent's ice cap.
Instead, the team proposes, soot and other particles in the ships» exhaust create large numbers of cloud droplets that are, on average, smaller than those
forming around natural dust particles in the air elsewhere
over the
ocean.
When carbon dioxide, CO2, from the atmosphere is absorbed by the
ocean, it
forms carbonic acid (the same thing that makes soda fizz), making the
ocean more acidic and decreasing the
ocean's pH. This increase in acidity makes it more difficult for many marine organisms to grow their shells and skeletons, and threatens coral reefs the world
over.
Eyes in the Sky Of course, even the best radars can not see
over mountains or out into the
oceans, where hurricanes
form.
As that
ocean cooled, its most buoyant components floated to the top,
forming an outer shell
over denser layers of rock.
Ocean biology alters the chemical composition of sea spray in ways that influence its ability to form clouds over the o
Ocean biology alters the chemical composition of sea spray in ways that influence its ability to
form clouds
over the
oceanocean.
The findings indicate that the
ocean was teeming with primitive organisms 3.2 billion years ago, just
over a billion years after the planet
formed.
A new scenario seeking to explain how Mars» putative
oceans came and went
over the last 4 billion years implies that the
oceans formed several hundred million years earlier and were not as deep as once thought.
If these rays from the dying star were to wash
over a once - frozen moon or exoplanet, the planetary body's icy layer would melt into liquid: setting the stage for life to
form in a flowing
ocean.
While both seasons are now officially
over, as
ocean waters cool with the onset of winter, that doesn't mean storms can't still
form if conditions are right.
On a highly technical level, Henson notes that Sandy developed a rare «warm seclusion,» which typically occurs in strong winter storms
over the
ocean when pockets of warm air
form within their cold cores.
The deposits were
formed over hundreds of thousands of years in the past, when the sea level was much lower and areas now under the
ocean were exposed to rainfall which was absorbed into the underlying water table.
Fraser Island has been
formed over hundreds of thousands of years as winds, waves and
ocean currents have carried sands from the far south - east of Australia, and from as far away as Antarctica (but before Australian and Antarctica split from each other), out to the continental shelf, and in towards the land again in a zigzag pattern, to
form a string of sand islands along the Queensland coast.
Lookouts and walkways connect these natural attractions
formed over millennia by the surging power of the Southern
Ocean.
While boating along the scenic East Hawaii Coastline island treasures to keep an eye out for include 3 unique black sand beaches Kalapana (flowed
over in 1989 now reforming), Kehena (
formed by 1955
ocean lava flows), & Foxes beach which was flowed
over on July 25th 2010.
The low - altitude stratus clouds that make up the June Gloom cloud layer
form over the nearby
ocean, and are transported
over the coastal areas by the region's prevailing westerly winds.
The superbly - decorated lounge with
ocean - view balcony and the dining room
form the social hub of the house, while the bedrooms — a magnificent master suite with commanding views
over the smooth white sands of Pandawa Beach, and five gorgeously appointed en - suite rooms — provide guests with their own private sanctuary.
Although the apartment does not have sea view, it is still only 10 meter away
form the sea and has awesome views
over the
ocean from its deck with braai facilities.
The metallic surfaces of the large paintings, in part mimetically related to the play of light on the
ocean at midday, join such innovations as the use of spray paint to create atmospheric layers of transparent color
over color and the use of mylar and networks of tape to
form geometric figures.
Here it comes in the
form of a pale, 1960s Wallace Berman image of the moon's remote surface overlaid with cryptic writing; a black - and - white Vija Celmins screen - print of the vast, horizonless
ocean that appears to carry a faint «X,» as if the printing plate had been canceled; a ragged piece of fiberglass painted with a Tiepelo - like sky by Joe Goode, who seems to have ripped it from either the actual heavens above or a movie - studio set; and a photographic close - up of shifting desert sand,
over which actual sand and colored pigment has been applied by David Benjamin Sherry, as if reality were a veil obscuring camera - created truth in our mediated universe.
Diebenkorn's
Ocean Park paintings are all about the pentimenti — the earlier images,
forms and strokes that have been changed and painted
over.
Our distribution loop got clogged with low density water and we had a backup of heat until our heater
over heated and blew off steam in the
form evaporating
ocean water which made a swirling cloud called a hurricane.
In its simplest
form averaged
over a year, can not the
ocean heat balance be expressed as:
Chan and Liu (2004) argue that current models are not yet sufficiently good for addressing the question regarding global warming and typhoons (A typhoon is technically the same as a hurricane, the difference being that they
form over the western Pacific or the Indean
Ocean).
This storm
formed and intensified near the Beaufort Sea and moved to the central Arctic
Ocean where it will slowly lose its intensity
over the next several days.
In the absence of that ion supply, abiotic CO2 uptake in the
ocean as a function of CO2 in air is at least somewhat limited by ions already present; acification can (
over time) dissolve carbonate minerals that supply cations and carbonate ions, buffering pH and reacting with CO2 to
form bicarbonate ions; new cations from chemical weathering have to be supplied to actually remove C from the
oceans while keeping pH from dropping and without releasing as much CO2 from bicarbonate ions).
The point is the range and the stable zone for current oceanic life -
forms as they have evolved
over the ages during which the
ocean has remained stable within a very narrow pH range....
(With the
ocean cloaked mainly in relatively thin floes,
formed over a single winter, the chances rise each summer of a big melt - off under the 24 - hour sun and influxes of warmer seawater.)
Two years ago this month, an edge - pushing environmental entrepreneur and a company
formed by a Native Canadian village set off a wave of international protest by dispersing a pink slurry of 100 tons of iron - rich dust
over one of the 60 - mile - wide
ocean eddies that routinely drift across the salmon feeding grounds of the Gulf of Alaska.
And the details: «Even the low stratus and stratocumulus clouds that
form over the subtropical
oceans, thousands of miles from any precipitation activity, are there because of precipitation.
The dense, deep water thus
formed spreads out
over the whole
ocean.
An unusually strong storm
formed off the coast of Alaska on August 5 and tracked into the center of the Arctic
Ocean, where it slowly dissipated
over the next several days.
This lack of numbers brings me back to an old example, which first arose from a statement (by Judith Curry, IIRC, about 3 years ago) that hurricanes
form over hot
ocean areas, but not necessarily the hottest
ocean areas around.
Generally, cloud nuclei are not in short supply
over the
ocean, as the oceanic clouds
form mostly around crystals of sea salt.
The Arctic «radiator» thus became about 10 % more efficient (10 % reduction in ice extent)
over the next several years peaking in 2007 and now those chickens are coming home to roost in the
form of a cold pulse making its way along the
ocean floor back down to the tropics.
SCAR - MarBIN has brought together
over 1 million distribution records for Southern
Ocean species,
forming a baseline against which future change can be judged.
The main difference between H2O and CO2 (apart from the numerical differences of their specific physical properites such as degree of freedom, thermal capacity, physical mass, etc) in terms of their effects on the atmosphere is that water is capable of condensing into liquid to
form clouds and readily and rapidly moves between surface and atmosphere, daily, seasonally, annually and on even greater time scales, but CO2 does not liquify in the biosphere and transfers
over mostly long time periods between surface (primarily
oceans, seas, etc) and the atmosphere.
Well, to make it work, the mechanism needs clean air (which you always had
over at least parts of the
oceans) and nucleating aerosols (e.g., as you get from DMS, which is primarily
formed by phytoplankton which exists for a loooooong while), so yes, it is reasonable that the mechanism has been operational, though quantitatively it may have changed somewhat.