In 1963, researchers argued that «the teaching of
formal grammar has a negligible or, because it usually displaces some
instruction and practice in actual composition, even a harmful effect on the improvement of writing,» and over 250 studies since that time, as well as a meta - analysis from the Carnegie Corporation in 2011, have widely supported that statement.
But without
formal instruction in reading or writing English, Callahan fears that they have no way of developing good
grammar or a broad vocabulary, or preparing for middle school or college entrance exams.