These activities are intentionally designed to help children build a strong foundation for the kind of skills required
for formal reading instruction later on.
We've become a nation that freaks out if a first grader isn't reading fluently, when other countries like Finland don't
start formal reading instruction until third grade.
In fact, studies show that children who
begin formal reading instruction at age seven, having first developed strong oral language skills in a play - based environment, catch up to children who learn to read earlier and have better comprehension skills by middle school.
Emphasizing formal reading instruction in kindergarten has crowded out the play - based, child - directed activities essential to building a strong foundation for successful academic learning.
A self - taught reader, also known as a spontaneous reader, is a child who has figured out how to read without
any formal reading instruction, thereby breaking the code.
In discussing segmentation tasks, Adams (1990) states that they are «generally unattainable by children who have received
no formal reading instruction, which forces us to wonder whether the skills they assess are truly causes or merely effects of beginning reading instruction» (Adams, 1990, p. 81).
Children's performance on these tasks may indicate nothing more than that they have participated in
formal reading instruction.
Bank Street's Literacy Guide offers suggestions on how to work with ELLs who have had
no formal reading instruction in their first language.