Sentences with phrase «formed by atoms»

Bismuth ferrite is an antiferromagnetic, which means that the magnetic moments of its magnetic sublattices (structures formed by atoms with the same parallel spins) cancel each other out, and the total magnetization of the material is close to zero.

Not exact matches

If humans were not designed by a higher authority, how can each individual's DNA be uniquely different among the human species, especially different than the other animals; how can the life sustaining elements be constantly available and exist in exact formulations: O, H, C etc. water is always 2 atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen; sugar, fats, grains, and any bio-chemical products can be broken down to their simplest forms of elements, but can be re-constructed with specific (not by chance) formula.

A person would have to believe either atoms came into being somehow by themselves, and somehow combined to form the universe; or that they existed forever — both of which are beliefs and can not be proven.

The probability of something as complicated as the DNA molecule being formed by random collisions of atoms in the primeval ocean is incredibly small.

Mr Deighan will have read in these pages «something very close» to the idea that Thomistic epistemology tends to emphasise «immutable essences» and static forms, and that this emphasis has been powerfully challenged by the success of modern science (for example Jaeger's article in our last issue and in our September 2006 issue the editorial and the quotes from Ronald Knox's God and the Atom).

This organic whole that began from an initial high bang and eventuated into the present universe is distinguished by a form of unity and diversity radical beyond all imagining: infinite differences, and diversity that is marked not by isolation but by shared atoms over millennia as well as minute - by - minute exchanges of oxygen and carbon dioxide between plants and animal.

Thus, at the lowest level, electrons tend to unite and converge in the atom; atoms converge by molecularization, crystallization; molecules unite by polymerization; cells unite by conjugation, reproduction, association; nerve ganglions concentrate and localize to form a brain by what might be called a process of cephalization; the higher animal groups form colonies, hives, herds, societies, etc.; man socializes and forms civilizations as foci of attraction and organization.

«What we have described as globalization is remarkably close to Teilhard de Chardin's planetization, in which «[mankind, born on this planet and spread over its entire surface, come [s] gradually to form round its earthly matrix, a single, major, organic unity, enclosed upon itself.4 Thus the globalization of humankind could lead to the formation of a new kind of living entity — a social organism — on the same cosmic principle as that by which atoms join to form molecules, molecules join to form mega-molecules, mega-molecules unite to form living cells, and innumerable cells constitute an organism.

In my view this arises from the striving of partly completed atoms and molecules to complete their forms by capturing electrons.

But when it combines with another atom by virtue of its physical properties, a new entity is formed and this new entity has its appropriate subjective aim.

Typically, chemists make molecules by mixing up many constituent atoms, some of which stick to each other to form the desired compounds.

Prime numbers — those divisible only by 1 and the number itself, like 5, 11 or 37 — are like the atoms of mathematics: All numbers are formed by multiplying these building blocks together.

A ligand is a molecule that binds to metal atoms to form metal cores that are stabilized by a shell of ligands, and so understanding how they contribute to nanoparticle stabilization is essential to any process of nanoparticle application.

«The gas which forms the major part of the insterstellar medium,» explains Jorge García Rojas, a researcher at the IAC who is the first author on the paper «can be observed because its atoms are ionized by the photons emitted by the hot stars embedded inside it (which can either very massive stars, or white dwarfs, which are also very hot).

The distribution of nitrogen atoms after the dissociation allowed the identification of the «active sites» for this reaction, which are formed by the low - coordinated, top metal atoms of atomic steps.

The agglomeration of copper or silver atoms in a matrix of noble gas atoms to form small clusters may be accompanied by the emission of visible light.

By about 400 million years after the Big Bang (thought to have occurred about 13.8 billion years ago), when the cosmos had cooled enough for atoms to form, the universe contained very, very few other kinds of atoms.

Photons don't normally make friends, but now three have been bound together into a brand - new form of light by tricking them into acting like atoms

In particular, if an atom inside a solid such as a silica wafer is hit by an X-ray photon and a hole forms, it's not clear that the excited electron hangs around to form an exciton.

By raising the temperature to 85 °C and adding more hydrogen, the researchers got some of the paired nitrogen atoms to add two more hydrogens; then, each nitrogen atom left its partner completely to form ammonia (NH3).

When one mobilized platinum atom finds another, they can form a bond — as long as both of them are being lifted up by carbon monoxide, diminishing the influence of the magnetite below.

For the last 100 years, they have done that mostly by making and breaking the strong covalent bonds that form when atoms share electrons.

Atoms of most elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen and carbon, form tight chemical bonds by sharing electrons with their neighbours in order to give each atom a stable configuration of electrons.

Two condensates separated by ∼ 40 micrometers were created by evaporatively cooling sodium atoms in a double - well potential formed by magnetic and optical forces.

For now, the researchers are planning to test the 51 - atom system as a quantum simulator, specifically on path - planning optimization problems that can be solved using adiabatic quantum computing — a form of quantum computing first proposed by Edward Farhi, the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at MIT.

POMs are molecular transition metal - oxygen clusters in which the metal atoms are bridged by oxygen atoms to form a three - dimensional network.

The universe was cold and black — a sea of hydrogen and helium atoms mixed with a mysterious dark form of matter making its presence known only by its gravity.

Motivated by evidence that electrons in groups of aluminum atoms might form closed «shells,» physicists A. Welford Castleman Jr. at Pennsylvania State University and Shiv N. Khanna at Virginia Commonwealth University began searching for stable configurations of these atoms.

A nitrogen - vacancy center is an atomic - scale defect formed in the diamond lattice by substituting a nitrogen atom for a carbon atom and creating a neighboring void in the crystal lattice.

(Isotopes, forms of an atom that differ only by weight, are often used to «fingerprint» the source of various samples.)

Back then, all stars needed to form was a primordial soup of mostly hydrogen and some helium atoms, perturbed by the effects of gravity on minuscule differences in the density of the gases, and the mysterious substance known as dark matter.

They are cylinders formed by rolling up a material known as graphene, which is a flat, single - atom - thick layer of carbon graphite.

Called the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, this afterglow was produced about 370,000 years after the big bang when the first atoms formed and has been studied in great detail by satellites, such as NASA's WMAP probe.

Under greater pressures and temperatures, it transforms into an even denser form called stishovite, with silicon atoms surrounded by six oxygen atoms.

Already now, we are able to control the behavior of individual atoms by situating them within special semiconductor structures - this is the method used to form quantum dots that contain single magnetic ions.

The first - discovered high - pressure, high - temperature denser form, or phase, of silica is called coesite, which, like quartz, consists of building blocks of silicon atoms surrounded by four oxygen atoms.

The process is then followed by high temperature activation annealing (about 600 to 900 degrees Celsius) to form a honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, a typical microscopic structure of graphene.

The single - atom moving finger of the nc - AFM could feel not only the individual atoms but the forces representing the bonds formed by the electrons shared between them.

Haem, for example, consists of four pyrrole - type rings joined by carbon bridges to form a larger ring system called a macrocycle which consists of 20 carbon atoms and 4 nitrogen atoms.

External magnetic fields exert forces on them, levitate them against gravity and keep them together; the atoms are trapped in a magnetic cage with invisible walls formed by magnetic fields.

Scientists formed these crystals — which occur at room temperature — by squeezing tiny amounts of water between two sheets of graphene, planes of carbon a single atom thick.

«The Ru catalyst precisely distinguishes butadiene and substituted acetylene molecules and new carbon - carbon bonds are formed among a butadiene with two acetylenes just by migration of the terminal hydrogen atoms in butadiene.

The clusters of lead atoms formed 1 billion years after crystallization of the zircon, by which time the radioactive decay of uranium had formed the lead atoms that then diffused into clusters during reheating.

These analyses showed that the iodine atoms in the carbon nanorings form extended polyiodide chains when stimulated by electricity, which gave the material electrical conductivity.

A new generation of platinum - copper catalysts that require very low concentrations of platinum in the form of individual atoms to cleanly and cheaply perform important chemical reactions is reported today by Tufts University researchers in the journal Nature Communications.

By sensing the trajectories of neutrally charged heliotail atoms that are aimed at Earth, IBEX maps the tail's general form.

When tungsten is in the water it is surrounded by oxygen atoms and forms an anion, Datta said.

Furthermore, due to quantum mechanics the atoms forming a droplet can not stay completely at rest inside it: this is forbidden by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

In JILA's world - leading clock, a few thousand atoms of strontium are held in a column of about 100 pancake - shaped traps called an optical lattice formed by intense laser light.

Lower in the atmosphere, oxygen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH), which form when water molecules are broken apart by ultraviolet photons, oxidize methane.