On February 25, 2008, a team of astronomers released a paper on simulation results which support the conclusions of previous studies that multiple - planet systems could have
formed in close orbits around both heavy - element rich, Alpha Centauri A and B.
Not exact matches
This group of worlds has stayed
in flat, circular
orbits right where they were
formed, unperturbed by the goings - on
closer to the sun.
The bulk of the solar system's regular satellites — those moons that stick
close to their planets
in roughly equatorial
orbits —
formed this way, rather than taking shape simultaneously with the planets as a direct result of planet formation, French astrophysicists have concluded.
To begin with, they
orbited close to the plane of the ecliptic
in the same direction as the planets, but their
orbits were deformed by the galaxy's tidal force and by interactions with nearby stars, gradually becoming more inclined and
forming a more or less spherical reservoir,» Morais said.
To explain them, theorists have invoked a maneuver called the grand tack,
in which Jupiter originally
formed closer to the sun, drifted inward almost to the
orbit of Earth, and then drifted out again to its current position.
While they
formed in the same timeframe, Deimos and Phobos are very small, with diameters of only 7.5 miles and 14 miles respectively, and
orbit very
close to Mars.
But then large, rocky worlds were spotted
orbiting near their stars, making it more likely that hot Jupiters also
formed closer in.
The modelling suggested that a Neptune - like planet actually
formed much
closer to Vega and was pushed by a Jupiter - like planet
in an inner
orbit out to its current wide
orbit around 80 AUs away from Vega over about 56 million years, sweeping many comets out with it and causing the dust disk to become clumpy (Mark C. Wyatt, 2003).
Traditionally, astronomers focus on how
close a particular exoplanet's mass is to Earth's, and whether its
orbit is
in a «Goldilocks zone,» i.e. where water can exist
in liquid
form.
A gassy planet will
form on the far side of the frost line,
orbit for a while, and then gradually move inward, pulled
in closer by the star.
While they
formed in the same timeframe, Deimos and Phobos are very small, with diameters of only 7.5 miles and 14 miles respectively [12 km and 23 km], and
orbit very
close to Mars.