Sentences with phrase «forming ice on the surface»

The top layer is superhydrophobic, preventing freezing rain from forming ice on the surface.

Not exact matches

The saltmakers boil the brine, then reduce the temperature until inverted - pyramid crystals form on the surface, like the skein of ice on a martini.

In science news around the world, NASA scientists spot evidence for ice volcanoes on the surface of Pluto, transmission of the Ebola virus comes to an end in Sierra Leone, Canada's new minister of innovation, science, and economic development reinstates the country's long - form census and announces that government scientists are free again to speak to the media, the United Kingdom's House of Commons Science and Technology Committee calls for a strategy to increase government research funding, and more.

After comparing it with domes on Earth, scientists now believe Ahuna Mons formed when a slushy mix of internal ice and natural antifreeze reached the surface along a duct — just as magma builds volcanoes on our planet.

As ice crystals form on the inside wall of the container, you scrape them off and into the liquid with a hand - cranked metal dasher — hence the name scraped - surface heat exchanger.

«This was exactly the functionality that we wanted from the anti-icing surfaces: we wanted to secrete antifreeze only in response to the presence of ice on the surface, irrelevant of form — frost, glaze or rime,» said Rykaczewski.

Rime forms when droplets of water vapor deposit directly as ice on surfaces.

Ice crystals form in the beautifully symmetric tetrahedral shapes seen in snowflakes and on the surface of frozen ponds.

That base layer can warp and lift the ice above it, which is formed by snow deposited on the ice sheet's surface.

Unlike «snow ice,» which forms when melting snow refreezes on an existing ice surface, congelation ice contains very few bubbles.

They found, as expected, that one part of an InaZ protein on the bacteria's surface arranges water molecules into an orderly formation — getting them prepped to form ice.

«Sea ice forms on the surface of the Russian shelf seas, and is then driven north by the strong winds,» explains AWI sea - ice physicist Dr Thomas Krumpen, who also took part in the study.

Meltwater ponds formed on the surface of the Larsen B shelf and weakened the ice as they pushed downward, causing it to crack and splinter apart.

Kattenhorn and Prockter saw ice volcanoes on the overriding plate, possibly formed through melting and absorption of the slab as it dove below the surface, and a lack of mountains at the subduction zone, implying material was pushed into the interior rather than crumpled up as the two plates mashed against each other.

In addition to water, organic molecules, which could have been deposited on the surface by crashing comets, somehow would have to get through the thick shells of ice for life to form, a situation that puts Saturn's geyser - spewing moon Enceladus at the top of Nimmo's list of potential spots for life.

Bacteria, however, have remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath increasing layers of sea sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).

The second study details evidence that ice is swirling and forming on the surface of the moon.

While other species detected in space are formed by gas - phase chemistry alone, or by a combination of both gas and solid - phase generation, methanol is a complex organic compound which is formed solely in the ice phase via surface reactions on dust grains.

Astronomers have discovered direct evidence of water on the dwarf planet Ceres in the form of vapor plumes erupting into space, possibly from volcano - like ice geysers on its surface.

At the extremely low surface temperatures on these objects, water ice takes a disordered, amorphous form instead of the regularly ordered crystals typical in warmer areas, such as snowflakes on Earth.

Supraglacial (surface) water on a glacier is formed by the ice melting during the summer.

It also leaves a protective coating on the walking surface so that the next time Mother Nature dumps a load of snow, it doesn't form a layer of ice to scrape away — or slip on.

It was localised into blandness, it sat on the surface of the picture and it worked as icing on the cake of form: «Look what a pretty patch I am.»

Before ice can form on the surface, the entire water column must first reach 40 F, which is likely to first occur along the shoreline.

It is caused by chemical reactions that take place primarily on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds, ice particles or liquid droplets which form at high altitudes in extreme cold.

Based on evidence from Earth's history, we suggest here that the relevant form of climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene (e.g. from which to base future greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization targets) is the Earth system sensitivity including fast feedbacks from changes in water vapour, natural aerosols, clouds and sea ice, slower surface albedo feedbacks from changes in continental ice sheets and vegetation, and climate — GHG feedbacks from changes in natural (land and ocean) carbon sinks.

Ozone holes are caused by chemical reactions that take place primarily on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds, ice particles, or liquid droplets, which form at high altitudes in the extreme cold of the polar regions.

As reported by Don Perovich aboard the Healy, there is widespread refreezing of surface ice meltwater as it runs through, then underneath, the ice and comes into contact with colder, more saline seawater, adding on layers of newly formed ice to the bottom of floes during the melt season.

Lakes of summer meltwater tend to form on the ice sheet surface: if the ice below fractures, these lakes can drain in a matter of hours.

Endless stories about glaciers melting, polar bears, ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica and sea ice form the view that there is virtually no ice left on the surface of the planet.

The combination of a green roof (unaffixed object), slope, and gravity imply the need to address physical containment and resistance to downward pressures exerted by the green roof against the parapet and mechanical fixtures of the roof especially in cold climate areas where ice crystals may form on the slip sheet / root barrier surface during winter.

especially in cold climate areas where ice crystals may form on the slip sheet / root barrier surface during winter

Cryosphere All regions on and beneath the surface of the Earth and ocean where water is in solid form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers and ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost).

Maximum density of water is at +4 C (which is one reason why ice forms on the surface).

If you think about it and if they «are» right about both the causes and the effects (melting ice caps, raising sea levels — e.g. increased ocean surface worldwide, increased surface temperatures on land and at sea and erratic excesses in weather) then the results may well be an eventual drastic swing the other day as we see increases in reflection, evaporation and conversion of «greenhouse» gases back into inert forms!

Also, regarding subsea volacanic eruptions — a volcanic eruption involves release of magma at several thousand degrees C plus superheated gases — when that hits cold sea water you are going to have a very violent and explosive change of form from lquid water to steam combined with the release of dissolved gases (mostly CO2)-- I am not sure what laws of Chemistry and Physics you are looking at, but I would suggest that that those bubbles and heated gases and water will rise to to the surface very quickly and have a major local effect on any nearby ice.

Where meltwater forms on the ice - shelf surface, it can wedge open crevasses and cause ice - shelf disintegration, much like a line of balanced dominoes falling over, which has been observed to occur within weeks in the rapidly warming Antarctic Peninsula region (e.g., MacAyeal et al., 2003).

The hydrosphere is the collective mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of Earth in the form of liquid water, ice, and water vapour.

12 How the Hydrosphere Affects Climate (Page 274) The hydrosphere is the collective mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of Earth in the form of liquid water, ice, and water vapour.

Ice that forms on the lake's surface can partially melt from the bottom up, but I don't understand how a bottom - up warming influence violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

Researchers at Virginia Tech have come up with a solution that would prevent ice from forming on these types of surfaces so that those harsh chemicals and labor intensive practices can be done away with.

Created on a frozen lake by cutting out the form of a circle through the surface of the ice with a chainsaw, this ingenious large - scale disc uses a solar - powered outboard boat motor to propel it into motion.

The Virginia Tech researchers found that a material mimicking the shell of the beetle kept moisture and ice from forming on the surface.

Alternatively, meltwater ponds on the surface of the ice or warmer refugia near active volcanoes may have provided sanctuary to early life - forms.