Sentences with phrase «forward unc»

Forward and backward movement are both affected, but the forward Unc phenotype is more severe.

Not exact matches

(B) Pcex - 1:: unc - 7S:: gfp (AVA, AVD interneurons) rescues forward locomotion but does not concentrate in puncta near B cell bodies.

A shorter version of unc - 7 min lacked promoter sequences upstream of exon 2 (unc - 7S:: gfp; Figure 3C) and rescued forward but not backward locomotion, suggesting that promoter sequences in intron 3 (Punc - 7S; Figure 3C) drive a subset of UNC - 7S expression sufficient to rescue only forward movement.

Together these studies suggest that Punc - 7S drives expression of UNC - 7S in a subset of neurons (including AVA and AVB, but not motor neurons) that can effect rescue of forward locomotion, and promoter sequences upstream of exon 2 drive additional expression of UNC - 7S in motor neurons or possibly other neurons required to fully rescue all unc - 7 locomotory defects.

Eight animals displayed a severe backward Unc phenotype but were still capable of forward locomotion, confirming that AVAs had been properly ablated.

If ectopic gap junctions are the sole cause of the Unc - 7 phenotype, then laser ablation of AVAs should eliminate communication between these interneurons and the B motor neurons and restore normal forward locomotion; in conjunction with AVA ablation, animals should be backward Unc (Figure 1).

When co-injected with F56B12, the unc - 7S:: gfp construct rescued both forward and reverse locomotion.

Like unc - 7S:: gfp, this construct rescued forward locomotion in the absence of cosmid F56B12, and we postulated that M121 in exon IV (the canonical innexin start site) might be used to generate a shorter but functional UNC - 7S - like product (UNC - 7SR).

(D) UNC - 7L expressed in interneurons (Punc - 7S:: unc - 7L [M121L]-RRB- rescues forward locomotion in unc - 7 (e5) and localizes to puncta near B motor neuron cell bodies.

The unc - 9:: gfp construct partially rescued uncoordinated locomotion in unc - 9 (fc16)-- hermaphrodites exhibit wild - type forward movement interrupted with bouts of spastic kinking.

To address this, genetic mosaic analysis of rescue of forward locomotion by the unc - 7S construct was carried out.

The shortest genomic region capable of rescuing forward and backward locomotion defects in unc - 7 mutants encompassed the coding region of unc - 7 and 1 kb of promoter sequence upstream of exon 2 (unc - 7 min; Figure 3B).

Psra - 11:: unc - 7S:: gfp expressed in AVB did not rescue forward locomotion in e5 animals; the Pcex - 1:: unc - 7s: gfp construct, expressed in AVA and AVD but not AVB, did, however, rescue e5 forward locomotion.

unc - 7 mutants typically can not move more than one full body - length forward before assuming a severely kinked posture; in the reverse direction they initially produce smooth waves (usually of reduced amplitude compared to wild - type) but quickly display sharp kinks and stop progressing.

The AVA interneurons in ten unc - 7 (e5) L1 animals were then targeted; none displayed improvement in forward locomotion, supporting the conclusion that ectopic AVA: B gap junctions are not the sole cause of the Unc - 7 phenotyunc - 7 (e5) L1 animals were then targeted; none displayed improvement in forward locomotion, supporting the conclusion that ectopic AVA: B gap junctions are not the sole cause of the Unc - 7 phenotyUnc - 7 phenotype.

It was surprising that re-establishment of AVB: B motor neuron gap junctions was not implicated in the rescue of unc - 7 (e5) forward locomotion by unc - 7S.

However, partial EM reconstruction of an unc - 7 (e5) mutant revealed ectopic gap junctions formed between AVA interneurons that direct backward movement and B class motor neurons involved in forward movement.

When expressed under control of the Punc - 7S promoter, UNC - 7L (Punc - 7S:: unc - 7L [M121L]-RRB- rescued unc - 7 (e5) forward locomotion; though much of the signal remained associated with cell bodies, some puncta were seen localized to AVB: B motor neuron gap junctions (Figure 10D).

One hypothesis for unc - 7 uncoordination is that ectopic AVA: B motor neuron gap junctions interfere with forward locomotion.

(C) Co-localization (arrow) in an unc - 7 (e5) animal rescued for forward locomotion with unc - 7S construct (Figure 3C, minus GFP).