Sentences with phrase «forward model calculation»

Therefore, differences between forward estimates and inverse estimates may have one of several causes, including (1) the magnitude of the forward model calculation is incorrect due to inadequate physics and / or chemistry, (2) the forward calculation has not evaluated all forcings and feedbacks or (3) other forcings project on the fingerprint of the forcing that is estimated in the inverse calculation.

Not exact matches

A particular emphasis of Hayward's research is on combining hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation with radiative transfer calculations to create «forward models» of observable quantities, such as images and spectra, that can be directly compared with data from telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope.

The aerosol forcing is the biggest tuning in this regard in many climate models, although the GISS model uses published forward calculations (the right thing to do, but still fraught with great uncertainty), whereas many climate models use an inverse method to get aerosol forcing that matches.

In CMIP5 there is no correlation between aerosol forcing and sensitivity across the ensemble, so the implication that aerosol forcing affects the climate sensitivity in such «forward» calculations is false... The spread of model climate sensitivities is completely independent of historical simulations.»

The NCAR Community Climate System model 20th century simulations for CMIP5 (Gent et al. 2011) arguably qualifies as a completely forward calculation, with forcing data sets being selected a priori and no tuning of parameters to the 20th century climate other than the sea ice albedo and the low cloud relative humidity threshold.

While some modeling groups may have conducted bona fide forward calculations without any a posteriori selection of forcing data sets and model parameters to fit the 20th century time series of global surface temperature anomalies, the available documentation on each model's tuning procedure and rationale for selecting particular forcing data sets is not generally available.

The first method is a «forward calculation'that uses best estimates of external changes in the climate system (forcings) to simulate using a climate model the response of the climate system.