But when Shinji Hirotsune and colleagues at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine accidentally disabled a pseudogene while making genetically modified mice,
they found severe birth defects and a drastically limited life - span in offspring from the mutant animals.
One victory: Gilla Kaplan, now a researcher at the Public Health Institute in Newark, New Jersey,
found that the drug thalidomide — banned in 1962 after it was linked to
severe birth defects — could reduce inflammatory responses and might be valuable in managing HIV, tuberculosis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases such as lupus.