Twenty - three chemicals used
in fracking fluids can hamper at least one of five hormone signals tested in human cells, the researchers found.
«While restricting the disposal
of fracking fluids to the environment was important, it's not enough,» he said.
Other people are making money, taking petroleum jobs, leasing oil sites and selling freshwater needed to
make fracking fluid and maintain the active wells.
Moreover, scientists suspect that the injection of used
fracking fluid into deep disposal wells may have triggered dozens of recent small earthquakes in northeastern Ohio and north Texas.
So you could say Food & Water Watch is technically correct when it tries to scare people by saying
fracking fluids contain «toxic chemicals.»
But perusing newspapers from towns where fracking is going on reveals how the issue refuses to die, with headlines like «Fears of Tainted Water Well Up in Colorado,» «Collateral Damage: Residents Fear Murky Effects of Energy Boom,» and «Worker Believes Cancer Caused
by Fracking Fluids» appearing regularly.
They were especially alarmed after heavy rains created serious flooding in the Southern Tier, adding to the worries that runoff
from fracking fluid would make the process even more dangerous.
Did fracking fluids ever contain industrial waste mixtures which, if pumped into the ground for non-gas production purposes, would have been regulated as hazardous waste?
But Clarens
says fracking fluids could theoretically leak into aquifers, because the wells must be dug through shallow layers where the aquifers lie in order to reach shales.
California officials have ordered an emergency shut - down of 11 oil waste injection sites and a review of over 100 others in the Central Valley for fear that companies may have been
pumping fracking fluids into drinking water aquifers.
Then a mixture, commonly known
as fracking fluid, of water (90 percent), sand (9.5 percent) and chemicals (0.5 percent) is pumped into the well under high pressure to create micro-fractures in the shale and free the natural gas or oil.
George Howard serves as vice chairman of the MEC, and as the chairman of the chemical disclosure committee, which is tasked with creating regulations
for frack fluid and other fracking chemicals.
Scientists at the Endocrine Disruption Exchange who tested
fracking fluids found that 25 percent can cause cancer; 37 percent can disrupt the endocrine system; and 40 to 50 percent can affect the nervous, immune and cardiovascular systems.
Improperly drilled wells or faulty well casings can
leak fracking fluids and methane gas into nearby aquifers and water wells.
«It's not
only fracking fluids that pose a risk; produced water from conventional, or non-fracked, oil and gas wells also contains high levels of radium, which is a radioactive element.
Ellis wants to know
whether fracking fluids are contributing to geochemical reactions within the shale rock that might free up potentially dangerous metals and radionuclides, such as arsenic, barium, strontium and uranium.
Scientists review what's known about the fluids in ACS» journal Environmental Science & Technology and conclude that a comprehensive assessment of potential risks requires full disclosure of
fracking fluid contents.
To determine
how fracking fluids mobilize metals in the shale, Bank and her team solicited rock samples from drill sites in western New York and Pennsylvania.
Research lead author Miles Wilson, a PhD student in Durham University's Department of Earth Sciences, said: «Induced earthquakes can sometimes occur
if fracking fluids reach geological faults.
In the future, they say, drillers should take account of such risks, especially when they fail to
recover fracking fluids.
Scientists don't know all of the hormone - like chemicals in
fracking fluid yet, Linden notes.
So many layers of rock lie between
noxious fracking fluid and water that the risks of chemical - laced drinking water don't compute.
Varun Gupta, a scientist with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Computational Engineering group, was recently quoted in an article describing an environmentally
benign fracking fluid developed for capturing geothermal energy, known as StimuFrac ™.
According to Gupta, who is part of the research team, StimuFrac consistently outperformed conventional fluids used for hydraulic fracturing and «is believed to have lower critical pore invasion pressure that provides further advantage over
conventional fracking fluids.»
The study found no evidence of contamination from chemical -
laden fracking fluids, which are injected into gas wells to help break up shale deposits, or from «produced water,» wastewater that is extracted back out of the wells after the shale has been fractured....
During offshore fracking, a significant amount of
fracking fluid returns to the surface and is either discharged into the ocean or transported for onshore ground injection.
In the past two years alone, a series of surface spills, including two blowouts at wells operated by Chesapeake Energy and EOG Resources and a spill of 8000 gallons of
fracking fluid at a site in Dimock, Pa., have contaminated groundwater in the Marcellus Shale region.
If the investigation documents the first case of
fracking fluid seeping into groundwater directly from gas wells, drillers may be forced to abandon shallow deposits — which wouldn't affect Marcellus wells.
Well, I drilled me a well and she's ready for frackin» Old Marcellus, she's callin» my name Frackfish are jumpin», that
frack fluid pumpin» Frack water keep flowin» on past just the same
Fracking fluid goes through the aquifers, contaminating drinking water with chemicals, many of which are cancerous.
For example, chemicals added to
fracking fluids fluctuate by location, and the ease with which individuals are able to find out what these components are also varies.
Until there is clarity here, no matter how sound the report's conclusions (and many are, including its criticisms of industry resistance to revealing ingredients
in fracking fluid), the school and Groat have left themselves open to legitimate criticism, including those leveled in a blog post calling this practice «Frackademia.»
But we do know that offshore fracking increases California's risk of a devastating oil spill or release of
toxic fracking fluid.»
California officials have ordered an emergency shut - down of 11 oil and gas waste injection sites and a review more than 100 others in the state's drought - wracked Central Valley out of fear that companies may have been
pumping fracking fluids and other toxic waste into drinking water aquifers there.
Naturally occurring brines, not man -
made fracking fluids, account for most of the wastewater coming from hydraulically fractured unconventional oil and gas wells, a new Duke University study finds.
Then, in 2011, a congressional investigation found that in fact between 2005 and 2009, 12 companies had injected 32 million gallons of diesel fuel or
fracking fluids containing diesel fuel in wells in 19 states.
They shared stories and fears of water being contaminated
by fracking fluid; the political class reeled.
The 600 - plus - page report that resulted looks at a variety of ways fracking could have an effect on local drinking water: withdrawing millions of gallons of water needed to frack a well, improperly mixing chemicals with the water at the well, injecting that
fracking fluid into the ground at high pressure to fracture rock as much as two miles beneath the surface, handling the contaminated water then produced by the well and finally improperly storing or disposing of that water.
Rozell said that the recycling
of fracking fluid is helping to reduce the amount of water produced by each natural gas well, but the fluid can usually only be reused once.
(John Hanger, secretary of the Pennsylvania D.E.P., now admits that
fracking fluid is «nasty, nasty stuff,» and the department has announced plans to regulate fracking more closely.)
Fleets of trucks have to make hundreds of trips to carry
the fracking fluid to and from each well site.
The anti-fracking forces would ban it even if chicken soup were
the fracking fluid; they simply do not want to develop this energy source.