Goffman also acknowledged the largest methane reductions have come from hydraulically
fractured oil and gas wells, which saw their emissions decrease by 73 percent between 2011 and 2013.
Not exact matches
Hydraulic
fracturing or «fracking» involves injecting liquids, sand
and chemicals under high pressure to break apart tight rock formations underground to allow more
oil and gas to escape into the
well.
The amount of water needed to hydraulically
fracture a
well varies greatly, depending on how hard it is to extract
oil and gas from each geological formation.
The pace of
oil and gas production gains has consistently surprised forecasters since horizontal drilling
and hydraulic
fracturing,
better known as «fracking», were pioneered in U.S. shale rock formations about ten years ago.
Exxon has argued against all the other shareholder proposals as
well, including a «policy to explicitly prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation
and gender identity»; a policy articulating Exxon's «respect for
and commitment to the human right to water»; «a report discussing possible long term risks to the company's finances
and operations posed by the environmental, social
and economic challenges associated with the
oil sands»; a report of «known
and potential environmental impacts»
and «policy options» to address the impacts of the company's «
fracturing operations»; a report of recommendations on how Exxon can become an «environmentally sustainable energy company»;
and adoption of «quantitative goals... for reducing total greenhouse
gas emissions.»
This Calgary - based small - cap provides
fracturing and other
well - stimulation services to Canadian
oil and gas producers.
Fracture stimulation of this sort had been experimented with, in both
oil and gas wells, since the 1950s with mixed results.
In North America's most active shale fields, the drilling
and hydraulic
fracturing of new
wells is directly placing older adjacent
wells at risk of suffering a premature decline in
oil and gas production.
«I remind the governor that hydraulic
fracturing has been used successfully
and safely on water,
gas and oil wells for 60 years in New York,
and that drinking water has not been adversely affected,» he said.
Paterson noted the bill, which was passed by both the Senate
and Assembly during the recent extraordinary session (although it was not on the governor's agenda), goes
well beyond horizontal hydraulic
fracturing and effectively would result in a moratorium on all new
oil and gas well drilling.
To conduct the new study, the researchers collected
and analyzed 44 samples of waters produced from conventional
oil and gas wells in New York
and Pennsylvania
and 31 samples of flowback waters from hydraulically
fractured shale
gas wells in Pennsylvania
and Arkansas.
Levels of contamination were just as high in wastewater coming from conventional
oil and gas wells as from hydraulically
fractured shale
gas wells.
Silica exposure also occurs from hydraulic
fracturing (fracking) of
oil and gas wells.
A surprising number of U.S.
oil and gas wells, similar to this one, are hydraulically
fractured at shallow depths, a new study finds.
The study, to be published in Water Resources Research on October 20, demonstrates that
fractures in surrounding rock produced by the hydraulic
fracturing process are able to connect to preexisting, abandoned
oil and gas wells, common in fracking areas, which can provide a pathway to the surface for methane.
An analysis finds that thousands of
oil and gas hydraulic
fracturing wells are less than a mile deep
DOE estimated that by 2013, at least 2 million
oil and gas wells in the United States had been hydraulically
fractured.
They looked both at
wells used for enhanced
oil recovery — in which fluid is injected to flush lingering
oil from a depleted reservoir —
and at those used to dispose of wastewater from conventional
oil and gas extraction or from hydraulic
fracturing (fracking).
Energy companies used nearly 250 billion gallons of water to extract unconventional shale
gas and oil from hydraulically
fractured wells in the United States between 2005
and 2014, a new Duke University study finds.
The volume will only get larger, too:
oil and gas producers use at least 7.5 million liters of water per
well to
fracture subterranean formations
and release entrapped hydrocarbon fuels, a practice that has grown in the U.S. by at least 48 percent per year in the last five years, according to the Energy Information Administration.
Hydraulic
fracturing, or «fracking,» is a petroleum - extraction procedure in which millions of gallons of water (as
well as sand
and chemicals) are injected deep into underground shale beds to crack the rock
and release natural
gas and oil.
The study, conducted by researchers at Purdue
and Cornell universities
and other institutions, is one of numerous studies conducted over the past several years that have discovered methane leaking from
oil and natural
gas wells, pipelines
and hydraulic
fracturing operations.
At that time, there were «approximately 26,000 hydraulically
fractured wells» in the United States, which accounted for «less than 7 %» of all U.S. marketed natural
gas.11 By 2011, fracking had become the primary method for
oil and natural
gas development in the United States.
One of the
best examples is hydraulic
fracturing, the most important reason the United States leads the world in
oil and natural
gas production.
The authors of the proposal did not demand the immediate cessation of all hydraulic
fracturing activities by the
oil and gas giant, but rather requested that the corporation provide
better disclosures regarding its fracking activities.
The
oil and gas industry uses hydraulic
fracturing to enhance subsurface
fracture systems to allow
oil or natural
gas to move more freely from the rock pores to production
wells that bring the
oil or
gas to the surface.»
Modern hydraulic
fracturing combined with horizontal drilling allows multiple
wells to be drilled from one spot, reducing the size of the drilling area above ground by as much as 90 percent.4 Fracking is the key to unlocking vast U.S. shale resources, freeing up
oil and natural
gas that previously was inaccessible while protecting groundwater supplies
and the environment.
According to the U.S. Energy Department, up to 95 percent 1 of new
wells drilled today are hydraulically
fractured, accounting for two - thirds 2 of total U.S. marketed natural
gas production
and about half 3 of U.S. crude
oil production.
Found in limestone
and shale deposits, tight
oil isn't extracted from
wells like conventional
oil, but is removed with hydraulic
fracturing, or «fracking» — a process that also releases methane, a potent greenhouse
gas.
Oil and gas standards: In April 2012, U.S. EPA finalized air pollution standards for the oil and gas industry that would capture up to 95 % of volatile organic compounds from new hydraulically fractured wells each year and in the process also reduce methane emissio
Oil and gas standards: In April 2012, U.S. EPA finalized air pollution standards for the
oil and gas industry that would capture up to 95 % of volatile organic compounds from new hydraulically fractured wells each year and in the process also reduce methane emissio
oil and gas industry that would capture up to 95 % of volatile organic compounds from new hydraulically
fractured wells each year
and in the process also reduce methane emissions.
Tagged as: 350.Org, American Electric Power v Connecticut,
Best Available Control Technology Standards, cap
and trade, carbon capture
and storage, Carbon Pollution Standard, center for biological diversity, Congressional Review Act, Copenhagen Climate Treaty, Cross State Air Pollution Rule, Endangerment Rule, epa, H.R. 910, hydraulic
fracturing, James inhofe, Lisa Murkowski, Massachusetts v. EPA, natural
gas combined cycle, new source performance standards, Robert W. Howarth, S.J.Res.26, skinning the cat, Spruce Mine, unconventional
oil, war on coal, Waxman Markey
After more than five years
and millions of dollars, the evidence gathered by the EPA confirms what the agency has already acknowledged
and what the
oil and gas industry has known: hydraulic
fracturing is being done safely under the strong environmental stewardship of state regulators
and industry
best practices.
A lifelong advocate for our coast, Williams championed required testing of groundwater before, during,
and after hydraulic
fracturing, which was included in California's regulations on fracking,
and authored legislation to expand groundwater monitoring to other types of injection
wells to protect underground sources of drinking water from
oil and gas wastewater disposal.
The «America First Energy Plan» web portal also promotes the use of «clean coal»
and «reviving America's coal industry,» as
well as tapping into the U.S. bounty of shale
oil and gas via the use of hydraulic
fracturing («fracking»).
U.S. Department of Energy statistics show «up to 95 percent of new
wells drilled today are hydraulically
fractured, accounting for more than 43 percent of total U.S.
oil production
and 67 percent of natural
gas production.»
Historically,
fracturing in California has been used in vertical
wells — not in combination with the horizontal drilling techniques that have wrested
oil from North Dakota's Bakken
and natural
gas from the Barnett shale of Texas or Marcellus shale in Pennsylvania.
The Federal Court of Canada has ruled against a Calgary - based
oil and gas services company ensuring there is no monopoly on a
fracturing technology used in horizontal drilling
and well completion systems in the sector.