For the hydraulic fracturing system, the study estimated the toxicity of
the fracturing fluid chemicals used to crack rock and release natural gas, as well as the wastewater associated with shale - gas extraction.
Data from 2,900 hydraulically fractured wells in the state were used to estimate potential releases of
fracturing fluid chemicals and wastewater.
Not exact matches
Apex Resources enders completion
fluids,
chemical additives, and oil - field services for hydraulic
fracturing applications.
Marbles in metamorphic aureoles and iron - rich skarns appear to be favored sites for gold mineralization in these deposits, perhaps due to the rheological character, permeability after
fracturing, and
chemical reactivity of those rocks to alteration by hydrothermal
fluids.
Though the
fluids were natural and not the byproduct of drilling or hydraulic
fracturing, the finding further stokes the red - hot controversy over fracking in the Marcellus Shale, suggesting that drilling waste and
chemicals could migrate in ways previously thought to be impossible.
Previous studies have shown that fracking
fluids contain high levels of salts, barium and radioactive elements, in addition to human - made
chemicals added in the process of hydraulic
fracturing.
The
chemicals used in hydraulic
fracturing fluid are considered proprietary, and the magnitude and frequency of water - contamination events are not well - documented.
A bill now under consideration on Capitol Hill would grant the EPA oversight of fracking and force drilling companies, which are currently exempt from portions of the Clean Water Act, to disclose the
chemicals they use in
fracturing fluids.
The study found no evidence of contamination from
chemical - laden fracking
fluids, which are injected into gas wells to help break up shale deposits, or from «produced water,» wastewater that is extracted back out of the wells after the shale has been
fractured....
The 600 - plus - page report that resulted looks at a variety of ways fracking could have an effect on local drinking water: withdrawing millions of gallons of water needed to frack a well, improperly mixing
chemicals with the water at the well, injecting that fracking
fluid into the ground at high pressure to
fracture rock as much as two miles beneath the surface, handling the contaminated water then produced by the well and finally improperly storing or disposing of that water.
The sand in fracking
fluid keeps the
fractures open after the pressure is released, and the
chemicals are chiefly agents to reduce friction and prevent corrosion.
This
fluid is a mixture of
chemicals including friction reducers, biocides to prevent the growth of bacteria that would damage the well piping or clog the
fractures, a gel to carry materials into the
fractures, and various other substances.
The result is a 60 - page Watershed Plan [5](PDF) that dictates that Genesis will only use «green» hydraulic
fracturing fluids, will reveal the
chemical makeup of those
fluids and will inject a tracer along with those
fluids so any alleged contamination in the area can be quickly linked to its source.
The method combines a new form of horizontal drilling with hydraulic
fracturing — more commonly known as fracking GThe process blasts open fissures in underground shale - rock formations by injecting a high pressure combination of
fluids,
chemicals and proppants causing the fossil fuel to flow to the production well.