Insofar as a social movement is «an organized, sustained, self - conscious challenge to existing authorities» (Tilly, 1984), the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions included a multiplicity of informal and formal institutions and alliances: students, unions, professionals, religious groups, etc.And while the master
frames calling for the ouster of Mubarak and Ben Ali were no doubt unifying discursive devices that were readily supported
by most if not all of the
protestors, secondary
frames — calls for democracy, social justice, freedom, and dignity — presented significant points of divergence not only in and between Islamist and non-Islamist groups, but between the secular - liberal youth who are credited with initiating the mass protests in the first place.