We describe heterozygous ACTB deletions and nonsense and
frameshift mutations in 33 individuals with developmental delay, apparent intellectual disability, increased frequency of internal organ malformations (including those of the heart and the renal tract), growth retardation, and a recognizable facial gestalt (interrupted wavy eyebrows, dense eyelashes, wide nose, wide mouth, and a prominent chin) that is distinct from characteristics of individuals with BRWS.
The four unrelated patients in the Bainbridge study had de novo nonsense and
frameshift mutations in ASXL3 (not ASXL1).
We imputed these variants into 104,220 individuals down to a minor allele frequency of 0.1 % and found a recessive
frameshift mutation in MYL4 that causes early - onset atrial fibrillation, several mutations in ABCB4 that increase risk of liver diseases and an intronic variant in GNAS associating with increased thyroid - stimulating hormone levels when maternally inherited.
A CNGB1
frameshift mutation in Papillon and Phalène dogs with progressive retinal atrophy.
Unlike the genetically distinct, relatively late onset XLPRA1 that is described below, the phenotype associated with
the frameshift mutation in XLPRA2 is very severe and manifests during retinal development.
Not exact matches
Surprisingly,
frameshift mutations occurred at a ratio of 0.90
in - frame per out - of - frame
mutation as opposed to the expected frequency of 0.50 (1
in - frame per 2 out - of - frame
mutations; Table S1).
DVL1
frameshift mutations clustering
in the penultimate exon cause autosomal - dominant Robinow syndrome.
Programmable nucleases, ZFN, TALEN and RGENs enable gene knockout
in cultured cells and organisms by producing site - specific DNA double - strand breaks, whose repair via error - prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or microhomology - mediated end joining (MMEJ) gives rise to
frameshift mutations.
They identified 3 homozygous variants
in ATP6V1B: a
frameshift mutation (p.Ile386Hisfs * 56), a nucleotide substitution
in exon 10 (p.Pro346Arg), and a new splicing
mutation in intron 5 and, 2 variants
in ATP6V0A4: a homozygous variant (p.Arg743Trp) and a known missense
mutations (p.Asp411Tyr).
Resequencing of PRDM16
in a cohort of 75 non-syndromic individuals with LVNC detected 3
mutations, including 1 truncation mutant, 1
frameshift null
mutation, and a single missense mutant.
LOF
mutations were defined as nonsense,
frameshift, and splice - site variants, along with missense variants resulting
in < 25 % of wild - type ANGPTL3 activity
in a mouse model.
Signs of ivermectin toxicosis can occur
in any breed but are most common
in ivermectin - sensitive breeds such as collies and other herding breeds.20, 21 Ivermectin sensitivity is derived from a
frameshift deletion
mutation of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1; the most recent nomenclature is ABC ±), resulting
in a severely truncated, nonfunctional protein product.
The
mutation is a 44 bp insertion of a A29 tract flanked by a 15 bp duplication
in exon 2 of the gene, that creates a
frameshift and introduces a premature stop codon early
in exon 3.
The
mutation, which has also been identified
in the Samoyed, is a five nucleotide deletion that causes a
frameshift and an immediate premature stop; the truncated protein lacks 230C - terminal amino acids which causes a slight decrease
in the isoelectric point [18].
The
mutation is a G → A substitution at c. 1473 + 1, which destroys a splice donor recognition site
in intron 10 and causes exon skipping that results
in a
frameshift and the introduction of a premature termination codon [129].
Recently a
frameshift mutation was identified
in C2orf71 that causes an autosomal recessive form of late onset PRA
in the Gordon and Irish Setters [30].