Now new research shows that these eruptions on the sun's surface not only send bursts of energetic particles into Earth's atmosphere causing disturbances in the magnetic field, but they may also significantly decrease the number of
free electrons over large areas in the polar region of the ionosphere — the ionized part of the upper atmosphere.
Prior to this research, microbial ecologist Lars Peter Nielsen of Aarhus University in Denmark and his colleagues had shown that microbes working in the oxygen -
free muck at the bottom of Denmark's Aarhus Bay exchanged
electrons over relatively large distances of centimeters, although how the bacteria managed the trick remained unknown.