The powerful Bowen falls blasted
fresh glacier water down the mountain and into the sea creating a beautiful waterfall — one of only two permanent waterfalls in Milford Sound.
Not exact matches
By Martin Kunz, EMEA Segment Leader, Industry with Xylem's Applied
Water Systems business Only 2.5 percent of the world's water is fresh water, and of that, only one percent is accessible as much is trapped in glaciers and snowfi
Water Systems business Only 2.5 percent of the world's
water is fresh water, and of that, only one percent is accessible as much is trapped in glaciers and snowfi
water is
fresh water, and of that, only one percent is accessible as much is trapped in glaciers and snowfi
water, and of that, only one percent is accessible as much is trapped in
glaciers and snowfields.
Understanding how mountain
glaciers are responding to climate change is important because they provide
fresh water to many heavily - populated areas of the globe and can contribute to sea level rise, Winski said.
But in a new modeling study of 56
glacier drainage basins worldwide, roughly half the studied sites have already reached a kind of tipping point — after which the amount of
fresh water that runs off each year begins to decline.
Incessant mountain rain, snow and melting
glaciers in a comparatively small region of land that hugs the southern Alaska coast and empties
fresh water into the Gulf of Alaska would create the sixth largest coastal river in the world if it emerged as a single stream, a recent study shows.
While there is ample evidence of increasing
fresh water contribution from melting
glaciers and of an AMOC slow down since the 1930s the cold spot intensification last winter and this winter could also be caused by the extraordinarily intense low pressure areas that have slammed this region since last February and the intensification and northeastwards displacement of the subtropical Bermuda / Azores high.
I suppose that as the under side of the
glacier melts, the resulting
fresh water mixes with the adjacent salt
water, making it lighter and causing it to flow upwards along the under side of the ice.
And it's also important to remember that, while sea ice is increasing in Antarctica,
glaciers and ice shelves are all melting rapidly, producing large volumes of
fresh water.
IPCC AR4 WG1 SPM says (under «
Fresh water resources and their management» of «C. Current knowledge about future impacts») In the course of the century,
water suppries stored in
glaciers and snow cover are projected to decline, reducing
water availability in regions supplied by meltwater from major mountain ranges, where more than one - sixth of the world population currently lives.
Anyway, the bit I will quote indicates the importance of these
glaciers to the
fresh water supply of Asia.
If 200 million Chinese citizens find themselves without
fresh water because the
glacier melt they depend on to feed their rivers goes away, so be it.
In 8 years nearly all Peru's
glaciers will be gone due to global warming and its 27 million people will nearly all lack
fresh water, with the likely result being: «chaos, conflict and mass migration».
Bangladesh will be under
water, rural Asia and Latin America will have their
fresh water cut off due to the disappearance of the
glaciers which feed their rivers, the third world will be unable to buy enough food due to widespread drought.
Mountain
glaciers are the source of
fresh water for hundreds of millions of people.
Slightly more sensibly, some Chilean - Americans have a plan to collect
fresh water from creeks at the base of the Jorge Montt
glacier (which is melting fast) and tow it to wherever it's needed in giant bladders.
If you took all of the
glaciers that have ever calved and fallen into the sea over the last 6,000 years — and laid them end to end from Jupiter to Pluto — you'd have thrown away enough
fresh water for a few feet of sea level rise.
Watching the ice sheets in Antarctica over the past two days a large
fresh water melt pond formed on the
glacier scrolling east from McMurdo station.
If enough
fresh water from melting
glaciers flows into the North Atlantic, this would make the seawater less salty and less dense, so that it couldn't sink anymore.
In this climate region a strong storm track combines with an expanding
fresh water wedge issuing from melting Antarctic
glaciers to force down - welling and atmosphere to ocean heat capture.
Several prominent climate scientists say it's the result of Greenland's melting
glaciers, which dump
fresh water in the ocean.
When
glaciers melt,
fresh water, enriched in light oxygen isotopes (oxygen 16), mixes with the bottom
water.
Climate change is already shrinking
glaciers and ice caps, altering the availability of
fresh water.
The effects of this include the melting of
glaciers and mountain show caps that are a large source of
fresh water used for drinking and irrigation.
On a longer time scale,
fresh water will become scarcer, especially during the summer, as mountain
glaciers disappear, particularly in Asia and parts of North America.
«Reduced black soot emissions, in addition to reduced greenhouse gases, may be required to avoid demise of Himalayan
glaciers and retain the benefits of
glaciers for seasonal
fresh water supplies,» Hansen said.
In South Asia, the melting of Himalayan
glaciers jeopardizes
fresh water supplies for more than one billion human beings.
These
glaciers act as a
water storage tower for South and East Asia, releasing melt
water in warm months to the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and other river systems, providing
fresh water to more than a billion people.
Since melt
water from Tibetan
glaciers replenishes many of Asia's major rivers — including the Indus, Ganges, Yellow, and Brahmaputra — such losses could have a profound impact on the billion people who rely on the rivers for
fresh water.
Meanwhile, a U.N. report predicted $ 1 trillion in annual damage from ocean acidification if carbon pollution is not curbed, and the Antarctic ice pack appears to have grown this year partly because
fresh water from melting
glaciers has raised the freezing point of the near - shore Southern Ocean.
While rain and snow would still help replenish Asian rivers in the absence of
glaciers, the change could hamper efforts to manage seasonal
water resources by altering when
fresh water supplies are available in areas already prone to
water shortages.
Many of those
glaciers, especially in the Himalayas, Andes, Alps, and Sierras, provide most of the freshwater that the populations below the mountains depend upon — yet this
fresh water supply is vanishing.
The melt
water from himalays argument doesn't hold
water anymore as the latest peer reviewed study shows that only 4 % of Himalayan melt provides
fresh water to populations below and that the
water is coming mostly from the higher
glaciers that are not losing mass.
Today, the great melting
glaciers are beginning the painful process of ocean death by spreading out their films of stratifying, iron - loaded
fresh water.
In places this frozen
fresh water descends from the highlands in a wavy staircase, looking far more massive and magisterial than any alpine
glacier.
«There is a bright side to this conclusion» according to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies» James Hansen, lead author on the study, «by following a path that leads to a lower CO2 amount we can alleviate a number of problems that had begun to seem inevitable, such as increased storm intensities, expanded desertification, loss of coral reefs, and loss of mountain
glaciers that supply
fresh water to hundreds of millions of people.»
The effects of
glaciers melting are largely detrimental, the principle impact being that many millions of people (one - sixth of the world's population) depend on
fresh water supplied each year by natural spring melt and regrowth cycles and those
water supplies — drinking
water, agriculture — may fail.
The pollution of its inland rivers and
waters; depleting
fresh water sources through melting of Himalayan
glaciers and depleting groundwater; land degradation estimated at 20 % of land area, and damage to coastal and marine ecosystems with loss of 34 % of mangroves between 1950 and 2000, are other India's challenges.
The ratio in the ocean is different during the glacial maximums and the glacial minimums (simply because so much
fresh water is locked up in the
glaciers)
Ice has a huge albedo compared to everything else, and represents an enormous reservoir of cold
fresh water deposited on continent - sized chunks of the globe (not to mention winter snowfall in regions where it isn't «permanent» and
glaciers where it is).
The planet's
glaciers and ice sheets cover about 11 % of the planet's surface and hold about 70 % of the world's
fresh water.
In principle, a large enough return flow of
fresh water from rivers and
glaciers could reduce the density of the surface
waters sufficiently to stop them from sinking, in which case the whole AMOC would stop.
One can always make the point that the problem of global warming is not one of direct temperature hazard against human beings, but against the ecossystem as a whole,
glaciers with their
fresh waters, animals, vegetation, etc..
Most regions of British Columbia will probably be warmer, sea levels will rise, and
fresh drinking
water may be harder to find as
glaciers disappear.
As black carbon is a leading cause of mortality from air pollution and accelerates the melting of
glaciers that provide
fresh water for millions, controlling these emissions is critical to promote sustainable development, improve human health and save lives.
Most regions of BC will probably be warmer, sea levels will rise, and
fresh drinking
water may be harder to find as
glaciers disappear.
Vukcevic comment: Arctic overflow is about 10Sv, Ergo: unprecedented Arctic ice melting combined with that of the Greenland
glaciers may produce the required 0.1 Sv of
fresh water, creating a tipping point into a new Ice Age.
Glaciers play a crucial role in providing
fresh water to Asian populations.
And greater than the impact on winter tourism, the expected variability in precipitation is likely to bring greater conflict for scarcer
water resources — after all, the
glaciers of Europe provide 40 % of the continent's
fresh water.
Europe will have to adapt to the diminishing Alpine
glaciers that now provide 40 percent of its
fresh water.
Scientists believe that increasing global temperatures are causing
glaciers — the planet's largest source of
fresh water after polar ice — to melt.