Repeat spawners make the dangerous journey from the ocean to
their freshwater spawning grounds multiple times throughout their lives, while single spawners take the risk only once.
«We found that freshwater acidification affects pink salmon and may impact their ability to survive and ultimately return to
their freshwater spawning grounds.»
River herring include two related species, alewife and blueback herring, which migrate between
freshwater spawning grounds and the ocean, where they spend most of their lives.
Because juvenile salmon, or smolt, leave
their freshwater spawning grounds to spend an average of two to three years maturing at sea, the boom in 2001 was right on schedule.
Not exact matches
Next they plan to do similar experiments with other tissues, such as the retina, and additional species that live in the ocean but travel to their
freshwater hatching
grounds each spring to
spawn, such as American shad.