Outcomes were predicted from characteristics of the children involved in
the friendship dyads and their parents» compliance with the intervention.
Importantly, levels of depressive symptoms did not differ between female adolescents involved in very best
friendship dyads and other female adolescents in the sample at Time 1 (M = 8.06 vs. 7.46) or Time 2 (M = 8.32 vs. 8.27).
Concerning depressive symptoms, similarities at Time 2 were statistically significant for male adolescents in reciprocal dyads and female adolescents in reciprocal very best
friendship dyads (r 2 0.15 and 35, respectively).
This resulted in 31 male and 30 female participating
friendship dyads.
Standardized APIM estimates of perceived sexual peer norms predicted by the amounts of normativity and deviance during conversations about sex of indistinguishable male and female
friendship dyads
In the present study, we did not assess how often the participating
friendship dyads normally (i.e., outside of the peer interaction task) talked about sexuality - related topics.
Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the relation between the amounts of normativity and deviance during sexual communication among the16 — 21 - year - old
friendship dyads and individual dyad members» perceptions of four types of sexual peer norms (i.e., descriptive, injunctive, and risk norms, and peer pressure).
It was the first study to observe
friendship dyads performing a peer interaction task that focused specifically on sexual communication, and the first study to investigate how the amounts of normativity and deviance during these peer interactions were related to youths» individual perceptions of sexual peer norms.
The actor — partner interdependence model (APIM) for perceived sexual peer norms predicted by the amounts of normativity and deviance during conversations about sex of indistinguishable
friendship dyads.
Participants were 16 — 21 - year - old same - sex
friendship dyads (31 male and 30 female dyads) who performed a peer interaction task that consisted of five discussion assignments focusing on party planning, sexual double standards, condom use, homosexuality, and consensual sex.
Conversely, peer socialization of depressive symptoms only emerged within very best
friendship dyads of female adolescents.
Not exact matches
Friendship maintenance: An analysis of individual and
dyad behaviors.
Indeed, although we did not anticipate gender differences with regard to socialization of alcohol misuse, neither within
friendship networks nor within
dyads, results seem to imply that even if both male and female adolescents socialize their drinking behaviors, they may do so in different contexts.
Regarding alcohol misuse, at Time 2 significant ICCs were found across different types of
friendships for both male and female same - gender
dyads but not for cross-gender
dyads, with effects ranging from small to medium - large (r 2 range 0.22 — 0.47).
Overall, these results indicate that across the two time points, female
dyad members became more similar to each other in their levels of alcohol misuse (in reciprocal
dyads and in
dyads that were unilateral at Time 1 and reciprocal at Time 2) and depressive symptoms (in very best
friendships), providing evidence for socialization effects.
Thus, it might be the case that for female adolescents socialization effects of alcohol misuse found in
friendship networks mainly reflect peer influence within certain dyadic
friendships (i.e., reciprocal
dyads and
dyads that became reciprocal over time).
Specifically, due to the cohesiveness and intimacy between member
dyads, best
friendship relations may be most influential.