David Cameron was keen to minimise any perceived loss of UK sovereignty over energy policy, for fear of further exposure to attacks
from the Eurosceptic wing of his Conservative party and Ukip.
They have little interest in Scotland remaining as part of the union and are often
from the Eurosceptic wing of the party.
The prime minister rejected calls
from Eurosceptic Tories to form a pact with Ukip before next year's general election.
In their second ever national poll, pollsters Survation raised eyebrows by placing Ukip on 11 %, just one point behind the Liberal Democrats and up seven points
from the eurosceptic party's showing in their first survey.
Leaders of the EU's 27 member states will negotiate potential treaty changes on December 9th, in a summit which will be the focus of intensive scrutiny
from eurosceptic Conservatives.
The data suggests that many older voters will switch away
from the eurosceptic party in 2015 with less than three quarters of Ukip voters in the 2014 European elections saying they could see themselves doing the same in a General Election.
The suggestion, which was made today in a report
from Eurosceptic think tank Open Europe and a version of which has already been aired by Labour's Rachel Reeves, would mean low - paid workers from EU countries lose an average of # 55 per week.
Cameron will face pressure
from Eurosceptic Tories after the success of the UK Independence party.
He claimed David Cameron's Tories were far
from eurosceptic and were seeking to prevent such candidates being selected in winnable seats.
But intense pressure
from eurosceptic Tory backbenchers and the growing threat from Ukip have forced the Conservative leader to prepare for a major shift in his traditionally balanced approach to the issue.
On the Labour side, rebellious MPs have tended to be
from Eurosceptic wings of the party, either from the Socialist Campaign Group wing (e.g. Jeremy Corbyn, John McDonnell) or from its conservative communitarian wing (e.g. Kate Hoey, Frank Field).
By holding a referendum on the EU they hope to take the EU off the electoral agenda and avoid defections
from eurosceptic voters.
This was good for a different reason: genuine pressure faced by the prime minister, who faced question after question
from eurosceptic malcontents seated behind him.
The group pressing for an early concession on Cameron's referendum believe that such a move would ease the pressure on
them from Eurosceptics in their constituencies and would help them on the doorsteps to deal with anger about EU immigration.
Farage dismissed criticism
from Eurosceptics that Ukip is dividing votes on the right and letting in pro-Europeans.
The prime minister served up a new soundbite in response to the allegations
from eurosceptics, telling an audience in Ipswich:
Not exact matches
For example, MPs with an agricultural background are less
Eurosceptic, as agricultural interests are likely to lose out
from Brexit because of a loss of CAP payments and EU migrant labour.
The prime minister was responding to pressure
from within the broadly
eurosceptic Conservative party.
From the viewpoint of
eurosceptics, a negative focus was needed because of specific challenges thrown at them by those in power.
Though Remain were ahead in the vast majority of polls, these examples have fuelled a quiet confidence among
Eurosceptics, a sense that they are managing to keep pace despite a fairly constant onslaught of pro-EU interventions
from business and political figures.
The unexpected prediction
from the deputy prime minister comes amid a storm of activity
from Conservative
eurosceptics, as the long campaigning season ahead of May's European elections begins in earnest.
In response, David Cameron thus relied on the tried and tested method to use EU referendum commitments in order to decouple European issues
from domestic electoral agendas and to defuse the appeal of
Eurosceptic challengers.
The best example of this trend is Andrea Leadsom who has gained almost 90 % of her support
from leave MPs, including prominent
Eurosceptics such as Bill Cash and Andrew Rosindell.
[12] This could either be linked directly to education, meaning that attending Oxbridge gives future MPs a less
Eurosceptic worldview; or it could be linked to class, as Oxbridge - educated MPs are more likely to come
from privileged backgrounds.
Crucially, in failing to confront his
eurosceptic opponents
from the beginning, Cameron may well have sown the seeds of his own fate.
The comments, which came as an aside during a case won by the government, triggered outrage among
eurosceptics on the Tory backbenches, who said the UK had been tricked into believing it had an opt - out
from the convention when Labour signed up during the Lisbon negotiations.
Indeed, as EU observers have been noting, the more extreme
eurosceptic Conservative noises off
from Westminster have been anticipating — in the event of a «Yes» win - the end of Cameron, a caretaker leader until the May 2015 general election and a Labour victory.
Many of those backing
eurosceptic John Baron's amendment to the Queen's Speech regretting the lack of an EU referendum bill believe the UK will not be able to secure any agreement
from European leaders on a fresh set of terms for British membership - making Cameron's strategy of attempting to seek agreement unrealistic.
Boris Johnson will spend Christmas at Chevening this year after shaking off competition
from his fellow
eurosceptic Cabinet ministers.
Apart
from one major speech, he has kept a low profile on the issue and is regarded as the most
Eurosceptic leader of the party in a generation.
He would still hope to benefit
from the support of
eurosceptics within the parliamentary party and the membership at large, and as a leaver, might be more trusted to ensure there was no backsliding by the EU on delivering Cameron's negotiated agreement.
If he had supported remain, he could not have counted on the gratitude of
eurosceptic MPs and may have struggled to distinguish himself
from, and elevate himself above Osborne and May, both of whom have impressive experience as ministers.
The Commons» European scrutiny committee's chair, arch Tory
eurosceptic Bill Cash, said: «The prime minister needs to be aware, as he discusses these matters in the European Council, that the debate has moved on
from specific concerns about individual issues to fundamental questions which involve our democracy.»
If he thinks by doing this he's somehow appeased the
eurosceptics, far
from it - he's fed it.
The move will have dampened hostility towards the Tory leadership
from the party's backbenches, which remain predominantly
eurosceptic.
So while Cameron looks to secure approval
from his party's
eurosceptics by pursuing a strategy based on foot - dragging and referring to the rulebook, the politicians watching Britain's unhelpful tantrum become more and more disgusted.
Even one
Eurosceptic blogger has commented that «Article 50 is not really a process designed to facilitate the exit of a nation state
from the EU — it is an attempt to build a process that is so risky, politically and economically, that no country would dare invoke it».
The school of political thought that states that the competences of the European Union should be reduced or prevented
from expanding further, is represented in the European Parliament by the
eurosceptics.
Jacob Rees - Mogg, a Conservative backbencher and leader of the
Eurosceptic European Research Group, said customs union membership was unacceptable to leading Brexit supporters and accused Philip Hammond, the chancellor, of undermining Britain's departure
from the EU.
Theresa May's party appeared to have benefited
from an almost total collapse in the Ukip vote, which saw the
Eurosceptic party shed councillors across the country.
Both Labour and the Lib Dems are getting nervous with the toxic Europhobic atmosphere that is quickly spreading
from Westminster to the rest of the country and have started to mutter reserves about the EU by using language that is rich on
Eurosceptic iconography.
Even on Europe, there is an English dimension that is simply not reflected in current political rhetoric — even among those
Eurosceptics who pride themselves in reflecting the view
from the street or saloon bar.
The reaction to his remarks was swift and damning, particularly
from those who want out, all of whom assume, to quote venerable Thatcherite veteran Norman Tebbit, that «activist Tories are deeply
Eurosceptic».
[27] Although Davis is a staunch
Eurosceptic and has criticised the record of the European Court of Human Rights, he has also argued against withdrawal
from the court's jurisdiction, on the basis it might encourage countries with far worse civil liberties to do likewise.
That's why
eurosceptics find it very difficult to move
from denunciation to the formulation of any kind of policy or legal language that could be put in law (whether at the national or EU levels).
The prime minister has enjoyed unusual acclaim
from his party's
eurosceptic backbenchers after refusing to commit Britain to fiscal integration measures now being pursued by all other EU member states.
- Drastically overbid in negotiations with Brussels - Try hard but ultimately accept defeat - Accept political kudos
from impressed
eurosceptics - Incorporate failure into case for in - out referendum
But today's article
from Mr Baron represents one of the first
eurosceptic moves after the Brussels summit to place further pressure on the PM.
In July 2015 a split
from AfD created a new soft
Eurosceptic party called Alliance for Progress and Renewal.
With both Labour and the Liberal Democrats still opposed to a referendum on UK membership and with uncertainty lsurrounding Cameron's ability to re-negotiate any significant powers
from Brussels, the momentum continues to shift further towards the
Eurosceptic camp.