Genetic studies such as this one may help anthropologists understand those migrations — and their timing — even better by giving them a genetic «clock» to use when studying today's humans, or potentially DNA extracted
from ancient bones.
Extracting genetic material
from these ancient bones is a meticulous practice.
«I approached Svante Pääbo because his lab is the best in the world at DNA extraction
from ancient bones.
New techniques (some developed in the last two to three years) for analyzing fragile DNA
from ancient bones offer genetic snapshots of domestication as it played out long ago.
Not exact matches
In eight years,
from 17
ancient wrecks, McKee has brought up 40 tons: a 17 - foot, 2 1/2 - ton anchor; 18 cannons; over 400 cannonballs; flintlocks, pistols and swords; gold doubloons; silver pieces - of - eight; wine - jug, rum - bottle and china - plate fragments; tackle blocks; pewter plates and cups; belt and shoe buckles and worn boot heels; cutlery, inkwells, figurines and religious medals; copper and silver ingots; a ton of lead; gold rings, earrings and brooches; human teeth, beef
bones and elephant tusks.
Of course, Ken Morgan has history in his
bone - marrow: if science permitted it, I'm certain that there would be proof that he is directly descended
from the cyfarddwyddiaid, the Bardic storytellers of
ancient Wales with Y Tri Chof — the three memories — knowledge of languages, genealogies, and (crucially) history that were the tools of their trade.
They scrambled to outdo one another by publishing DNA sequences that were ever more
ancient, with one fantastically claiming to have sequenced 80 - million - year - old DNA
from dinosaur
bones.
We've been excavating a site on the beach about 10 meters
from the high tide line for about 10 years, finding stone tools and
ancient mammal
bones and teeth.
Mark Collard
from Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada, and his colleagues studied carbon - 14 dates for
ancient bones, wood and cereal grains
from locations across Great Britain.
A 400,000 - year - old genome
from ancient human
bone could herald a missing link species — taking us closer than ever to our common ancestor with Neanderthals
Deep in a sinkhole, buried in a pile of sand and mastodon dung, was a small,
ancient knife used for hunting and cutting carcass meat
from the
bone.
Archaeologists have found clever ways to uncover
ancient humans» impact on today's jungles,
from ancient collagen in
bones to laser scanning by aircraft.
Orlando's group examined DNA
from the
bones of 15 Iron Age stallions
from the
ancient Scythian civilization: Two stallions were
from a 2,700 - year - old grave site in Russia and 13 were sacrificed in a burial ritual about 2,300 years ago in Kazakhstan.
Johannes Krause and Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, zeroed in on mitochondrial DNA (which is passed down intact
from a woman to her children) preserved in the
ancient bone.
It had been a different story at RAS's zoological museum a few days earlier, where she wasn't allowed to sample the
bones she had come for because they were already covered with drill marks
from other researchers who, like her, hoped to mine the relatively small number of
ancient polar bear samples to reveal their evolutionary history.
On a trip to collect DNA samples
from ancient horse
bones in Mongolia, Orlando got a whole new perspective on domestication.
Veeramah is quick to point out Larson's analysis hinged largely on the genome of one
ancient pooch, extracted
from a 5,000 - year - old fossilized ear
bone preserved at a Neolithic site in Ireland called Newgrange.
Along with more than 100 other fossils representing nearly 40 other Ardipithecus individuals, Ardi was discovered in the scorched landscape of Ethiopia's Afar Rift, a place where torrential rains regularly wash up traces of
ancient stone and
bone from different eras.
That's the conclusion
from an analysis of the fragmentary remains of an
ancient leg
bone unearthed on Canada's Ellesmere Island, which lies just west of northern Greenland.
Because
ancient DNA is almost always badly damaged, its signal is easily swamped by even a speck of more modern contaminants — anything
from bacteria that invaded the
bone after death to the roast beef sandwich residue on a researcher's hands.
DNA extracted
from the
bone belongs to a mysterious
ancient hominin that last shared an ancestor with our species and Neanderthals about a million years ago.
Excavated by a team of researchers led by D'Andrea of Simon Fraser, the
bones analyzed for this study were recovered
from the kitchen and living floors of an
ancient farming community known as Mezber.
Analysis of short DNA fragments
from a pair of samples collected in India and Bhutan matched that of an
ancient polar bear
bone.
One of the
ancient canids Germonpré and her team have studied,
from Predmostí in the Czech Republic, was laid to rest with a
bone in its mouth.
The short snout and wide braincase of a canid skull (top) found in Belgium's Goyet Cave, in comparison with two
ancient wolves found in nearby caves (middle, bottom), led scientists to claim the Goyet
bones are
from a 36,000 - year - old dog.
DNA in this
ancient Irish dog's temporal
bone is distinct
from modern dogs and wolves.
Ancient bones from many animals lying in a big jumble are more easily put in context than you might think.
Indeed, in a 2009 analysis of DNA
from the
bones of nearly 90
ancient horses dated
from about 12,000 to 1000 years ago, researchers found genetic evidence for bay and black coat colors but no sign of the spotted variety, suggesting that the spotted horse could have been the figment of some artist's imagination.
Previous attempts to get DNA
from parchment did not work well, but by using modern sequencing techniques, researchers can now get abundant livestock DNA
from parchment, such as the 16th century deed
from Lancashire, U.K., shown above, the team reports online today in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. Not only is parchment plentiful, but as a legal document, it also has been carefully stored and often dated, making it a more readily available source of
ancient DNA than
bones.
We had information about
ancient Chinese beer brewing
from inscriptions on what are known as oracle
bones — pieces of
bone or shell used to try to tell the future.
«For example, when the skull has been shattered, because I am used to putting
ancient bones together, I can use what I have learned
from ancient materials.
Evolutionary biologist David Lambert of Griffith University in Australia and his team analyzed DNA samples taken
from ancient tuatara
bones and
from living specimens.
Now, a study uses a new method that relies on
ancient proteins to identify and directly date Neandertal
bone fragments
from Grotte du Renne and finds that the connection between the archaic humans and the artifacts is real.
Her job in the
ancient cemetery is to rebuild each skeleton
from the disordered
bones and fragments (there are no less than 206
bones in the human body).
After extracting tiny amounts of
ancient DNA
from the mummies»
bones, the researchers amplified 16 short tandem repeats (short sequences in the DNA that create a genetic fingerprint) and eight polymorphic microsatellites (hereditary molecular markers) to testable quantities using techniques commonly employed in criminal or paternity investigations.
Oldest human genome dug up in Spain's pit of
bones A 400,000 - year - old genome
from ancient human
bone could herald a missing - link species — taking us closer than ever to our common ancestor with Neanderthals.
Scientists once could reconstruct humanity's distant past only
from the mute testimony of
ancient settlements,
bones, and artifacts.
One established center of turkey domestication was central Mexico, where the
bones of Meleagris gallopavo — ancestors of the turkeys we eat today — have been found
from as early as about 800 B.C.E. alongside
ancient turkey pens and fossilized poop containing traces of corn, suggesting the birds were kept and fed.
A farm in Ohio has yielded what may the leftovers of an
ancient meal:
bones from a mastodon that prehistoric people killed and ate.
Ancient DNA extracted
from fossil
bones and museum specimens has shed new light on the mysterious loss of the Tasmanian tiger (thylacine)
from Australia's mainland.
Turtles are the only beasts in the animal kingdom that don hard outer shells formed
from bone during embryonic development, and a scarcity of
ancient turtle fossils has made it difficult to track the evolution of this unique trait.
The
bone — part of an upper left rib
from an adult male Neandertal — was originally unearthed between 1899 and 1905 during the excavation of Krapina, a cave in northern Croatia which has yielded hundreds of
ancient human remains.
It was only then that they realized what they had: a 35,000 - year - old
bone from an
ancient Taimyr wolf.
So the discovery of eight
ancient bones from another foot is «a really important step in our evolution of the human gait,» says paleoanthropologist Brian Richmond of George Washington University in Washington, D.C., who is not a co-author.
Or at least, their lineage did, according to Spanish paleoanthropologists who analyzed 17
ancient skulls
from a deep
bone pit in the Atapuerca Mountains of northern Spain.
Meanwhile, scientists who study the evolution of walking have had to make do with only a few glimpses of
ancient feet
from this time because the foot's delicate
bones are rarely preserved.
Now, using
ancient DNA
from the
bones of the man and 13 others buried alongside him, scientists have come to a surprising conclusion — elite status passed down the maternal line,
from mothers to their sons and daughters.
Now, DNA
from an
ancient femur
bone has revealed that humans and Neandertals were mating and mixing about 52,000 to 58,000 years ago — a much smaller window than the previous best estimate.
DOGS» EARLY DAYS This year, scientists analyzed the DNA
from this 35,000 - year - old piece of rib
bone from an
ancient wolf.
Lawrence Barnes of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles and his colleagues found in Washington State the
bones of an as yet unnamed
ancient baleen whale
from the so - called Late Oligocene epoch.