Sentences with phrase «from atmospheric observations»

As there are numerous techniques for determining sea level pressures from atmospheric observations, all having limitations, we also compared the SLP fields generated in the above way for general consistency with those generated using an independent method.

«We can see from atmospheric observations that radiocarbon levels are steadily decreasing.

Not exact matches

Combining observations from satellites and ground stations with climate models, they evaluated different factors that affect telescope vision, such as the amount of water vapour, wind speeds and atmospheric turbulence.

This global biological recordbased on daily observations of ocean algae and land plants from NASAs Sea - viewing Wide Field - of - View Sensor (SeaWiFS) missionwill enable scientists to study the fate of atmospheric carbon, terrestrial plant productivity and the health of the oceans food web.

Even more new atmospheric «species» may turn up with future observations from satellites or the International Space Station, says Yair.

Using published data from the circumpolar arctic, their own new field observations of Siberian permafrost and thermokarsts, radiocarbon dating, atmospheric modeling, and spatial analyses, the research team studied how thawing permafrost is affecting climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.

EWeLiNE combines these data with other atmospheric observations — from ground - based weather stations, radar and satellites — and sophisticated computer models predict power generation over the next 48 hours or so.

The findings come from a multi-year airborne survey of atmospheric chemistry called HIAPER Pole - to - Pole Observations, or HIPPO.

To arrive at their results, the researchers combined observations from the past century with climate simulations of the atmospheric response to the AMO.

The science White Paper, released in May, announced that funding for Earth observation and atmospheric science would be transferred from the SERC to the Natural Environment Research Council.

The model is supported by observations from satellites, ground - based networks that measure ozone - depleting chemicals in the real world, and by observations from two decades of NASA aircraft field campaigns, including the most recent Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) in 2013 and the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) global atmospheric survey, which has made three deployments since 2016.

The observations are best described by atmospheric models for which most of the incident energy is re-radiated away from the day side.

«Based on our observations in the sea - surface microlayer, we think that this could be very important as it may imply a positive feedback on atmospheric CO2 from oceanic sources, that is, from microbial metabolism at the air - sea interface.»

Miller, S. M., et al. (2016), A multiyear estimate of methane fluxes in Alaska from CARVE atmospheric observations, Global Biogeochem.

Scientists are using airborne observations of atmospheric trace gases, aerosols, and cloud properties from the North Slopes of Alaska to improve their understanding of global climate, with the goal of reducing the uncertainty in global and regional climate simulations and projections.

A large ensemble of Earth system model simulations, constrained by geological and historical observations of past climate change, demonstrates our self ‐ adjusting mitigation approach for a range of climate stabilization targets ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 °C, and generates AMP scenarios up to year 2300 for surface warming, carbon emissions, atmospheric CO2, global mean sea level, and surface ocean acidification.

The South Pole is a unique research site that supports projects ranging from cosmic observations to seismic and atmospheric studies.

The atmospheric main house, «The Fort», is based on an ancient military observation point from the First World War and draws upon the influences of the great East African market.

It's something of an abstract concept, but with real world implications, and the universality of such physical models, based on things like radiative balance, atmospheric composition and density, distance from the local Sun, etc., is a very strong argument in favor of general acceptance of the results of climate models and observations on Earth.

A paper discussing the difficulty of getting from nm sized nucleation mode to a size that can generate cloud particles is: Erupe, M. E., et al. (2010), Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation, J. Geophys.

However, there is considerable disagreement between the global CH4 budgets derived from these observations and those derived from atmospheric, or top ‐ down, approaches (Table 1).

Overtones are very weak (theory) and not seen in emission spectra of the earth measured from space or in atmospheric observations (observation).

New observations from the North Sea, a NW European shelf sea, show that between 2001 and 2005 the CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in surface waters rose by 22 matm, thus faster than atmospheric pCO2, which in the same period rose approximately 11 matm.

Evaluating ocean and atmospheric observations with advanced modeling tools, scientists from NOAA and CIRES found that about 60 percent of 2016's record warmth was caused by record - low sea ice observed that year, and the ensuing transfer of ocean heat to the atmosphere across wide expanses of ice - free or barely frozen Arctic Ocean.

Evidence that extreme precipitation is increasing is based primarily on analysis1, 2,3 of hourly and daily precipitation observations from the U.S. Cooperative Observer Network, and is supported by observed increases in atmospheric water vapor.4 Recent publications have projected an increase in extreme precipitation events, 1,5 with some areas getting larger increases6 and some getting decreases.7, 2

The hypothesis that the earth will warm by > 2 degrees C by doubling atmospheric CO2 is not supported by evidence derived from observation or experimentation.

Miller, S. M., et al. (2016), A multiyear estimate of methane fluxes in Alaska from CARVE atmospheric observations, Global Biogeochem.

Quantitatively, Vasskog et al. estimate that during this time (the prior interglacial) the GrIS was «probably between ~ 7 and 60 % smaller than at present,» and that that melting contributed to a rise in global sea level of «between 0.5 and 4.2 m.» Thus, in comparing the present interglacial to the past interglacial, atmospheric CO2 concentrations are currently 30 % higher, global temperatures are 1.5 - 2 °C cooler, GrIS volume is from 7 - 67 % larger, and global sea level is at least 0.5 - 4.2 m lower, none of which observations signal catastrophe for the present.

Turning to the outer reaches of the solar system: in the icy cold and lonely Kuiper Belt was observed a difference in Pluto's atmospheric thickness, inferred from two occultation observations 14 years apart.

«Cloud vertical distribution from combined surface and space radar — lidar observations at two Arctic atmospheric observatories.»

Statistical downscaling is based on relationships linking large - scale atmospheric variables from either GCMs or RCMs (predictors) and local / regional climate variables (predictands) using observations.

Here we assess the capability of ground - based observations and a high - resolution (1.3 km) mesoscale atmospheric transport model to determine a change in greenhouse gas emissions over time from a metropolitan region.

Kathryn McKain, Steven C. Wofsy, Thomas Nehrkorn, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, James R. Ehleringer, and Britton B. Stephens (2012) Assessment of ground - based atmospheric observations for verification of greenhouse gas emissions from an urban region.

A shift in atmospheric circulation in response to changes in solar activity is broadly consistent with atmospheric circulation patterns in long - term climate model simulations, and in reanalysis data that assimilate observations from recent solar minima into a climate model.

The relationship between N2O fluxes and NO3 — concentrations is consistent with observations from small streams (Baulch et al. 2011) as well as observed positive relationships between concentrations of N2O and NO3 — in reservoirs (Beaulieu et al. 2015) and in lakes receiving atmospheric nitrogen deposition (McCrackin and Elser 2011).

In addition to treating cloud transmission based only on the measurements at the local time of the TOMS observations, the results from other satellites and weather assimilation models can be used to estimate atmospheric UV irradiance transmission throughout the day.

«The authors write that North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV) «is a key component in predictability studies of both regional and global climate change,»... they emphasize that given the links between both the PDO and the NPGO with global climate, the accurate characterization and the degree of predictability of these two modes in coupled climate models is an important «open question in climate dynamics» that needs to be addressed... report that model - derived «temporal and spatial statistics of the North Pacific Ocean modes exhibit significant discrepancies from observations in their twentieth - century climate... conclude that «for implications on future climate change, the coupled climate models show no consensus on projected future changes in frequency of either the first or second leading pattern of North Pacific SST anomalies,» and they say that «the lack of a consensus in changes in either mode also affects confidence in projected changes in the overlying atmospheric circulation.»»

«Trends in U.S. Surface Humidity, 1930 — 2010 -LSB-...] Increasing evidence from observations and climate models indicates that anthropogenic activity is increasing atmospheric moisture (Boucher et al. 2004; Willett et al. 2007; Santer et al. 2007; Min et al. 2008).

Wang, 5.0 (± 0.27), Modeling A projected September Arctic sea ice extent of 5.0 million km2 is based on a NCEP ensemble mean CFSv2 forecast initialized from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) that assimilates observed sea ice concentrations and other atmospheric and oceanic observations.

Despite being forced to drop their medium assessment down to a a rather low +1.7 °C per century trend, the actual empirical evidence, from both the land / sea surface and satellite atmospheric observations, indicates that the IPCC will again be forced in the future to lower their predictions projections even further.

The method is a sea ice - ocean model ensemble run (without and with assimilation of sea - ice / ocean observations); the coupled ice - ocean model NAOSIM has been forced with atmospheric surface data from January 1948 to 7 July 2015.

To conduct their study, the researchers used a spatial model of marsh morphodynamics into which they incorporated recently published observations from field experiments on marsh vegetation response to varying levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The paper gives some basic formulae for getting the forcings from the concentrations, so to pick the right scenario it's okay to compare atmospheric compospition with subsequent observations and slightly better to compare the forcings.

Concern about such behavior derives not from theory or speculation, but from improving knowledge of how the Earth responded to past changes of atmospheric composition and from observations of ongoing changes.

However, a confident assessment of human influence on hurricanes will require further studies using models and observations, with emphasis on distinguishing natural from human - induced changes in hurricane activity through their influence on factors such as historical sea surface temperatures, wind shear, and atmospheric vertical stability.

«Observations since the UNFCCC was written 25 years ago show that warming from increased atmospheric CO2 will be benign — much less than initial model predictions,» says the petition.

Data assimilation systems, which combine information from observations and output from atmospheric models, also are being used to augment traditional observations and, in some instances, to take the place of data where no observations are available.

Liang, B.J. McAvaney, V.P. Meleshko, J.J. Morcrette, D.A. Randall, E. Roeckner, M.E. Schelesinger, P.V. Sporyshev, K.E. Taylor, B. Timbal, E.M. Volodin, W. Wang, W.C. Wang, and R.T. Wetherald, 1997: Comparison of the seasonal change in cloud - radiative forcing from atmospheric general circulation models and satellite observations.

It's an observation that is not explained if the source of the increase of atmospheric CO2 comes from the oceans.

-- ... and thus it is only an assumption based on models (i.e., the idea that oceans are a net sink is based upon modeling, not observations) that the tiny changes in human emissions from year to year are driving the atmospheric CO2 concentration changes.