Sentences with phrase «from atmospheric particles»

Hundreds of metres of rock above us protect the detectors from atmospheric particles that could mimic such a strike.

Not exact matches

They plan to examine data from other instruments on MAVEN to see if escaping particles map to the same regions where they see reconnected magnetic fields to confirm that reconnection is contributing to Martian atmospheric loss and determine how significant it is.

It's a center for research on everything from particle physics and astronomy to atmospheric chemistry.

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

Add other atmospheric effects, soot and other particles released from fires during the dryer months, and it's very difficult for the satellite to pick up a clear signal of the surface, Lyapustin added.

The setting gave scientists the rare opportunity to look at the impact of pollution on atmospheric processes in a largely pre-industrial environment and pinpoint the effects of the particles apart from other factors such as temperature and humidity.

To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.

They occur when charged space particles, typically from the sun, stream along a planet's magnetic field lines and interact with atmospheric atoms, producing not only optical light but also radio emissions.

Using publically available data about wind speed and water vapor flux from real - world atmospheric rivers over the Atlantic, the scientists created a computer model consisting of thousands of moving virtual air particles and found a close match between the complex swirls — the Lagrangian coherent structures — made by the air particles and the patterns made by the real atmospheric rivers.

Most of this research has taken place just within the last 10 years, and it is truly multidisciplinary, ranging from solar physics and atmospheric chemistry to geology and meteorology — even high - particle physicists are involved.

This field deflects the solar wind and prevents it from picking away at the planet's atmospheric particles.

Roughly half the mercury contamination in the United States comes from Asia; much of it may arrive aboard particles in atmospheric dust clouds.

Two satellites originally designed to observe gamma rays from space recently caught the atmospheric flares in action, revealing that they emit far more energy than previously thought and release streams of antimatter particles, which bear a charge opposite that of their normal counterparts.

The results from the experiments were incorporated into a global atmospheric model to assess the impact of ELVOC on the particle formation and growth in the atmosphere.

This artist's concept illustrates how charged water particles flow into the Saturnian atmosphere from the planet's rings, causing a reduction in atmospheric brightness.

Incoming energy, which comes primarily from the sun, is turned into various forms of absorbed energy, depending on terrain and atmospheric conditions such as clouds and aerosol particles.

Solar particles collide with atmospheric gases in the thermosphere; creating a brilliant light show that is best seen from late autumn to early spring on cold, clear nights above the Arctic Circle.

Contributions from the following topics (but not exclusively) are invited: • Solar irradiance and energetic particle impacts on the atmosphere • Upper atmospheric dynamical variability and coupling between atmospheric layers • Solar variations and stratosphere - troposphere coupling • Solar influence on climate variability • Solar irradiance (spectral and total irradiance) variations

Previous Mars missions detected energetic solar fields and particles that could drive atmospheric gases away from Mars.

A sudden and intense increase of solar particles eliminated the atmospheric and hydrological protection, causing the atmosphere to thin and water to retreat from the surface.

2) Most actual atmospheric cloud droplets form around dust particles including bacteria, rather than starting from minute droplets of pure water.

A paper discussing the difficulty of getting from nm sized nucleation mode to a size that can generate cloud particles is: Erupe, M. E., et al. (2010), Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation, J. Geophys.

Later, the enhancement of atmospheric aerosol particle formation by ions generated from cosmic rays was proposed as a physical mechanism explaining this correlation.

In principle, at least, the recent results from the CLOUD project at CERN provide information about the role of ionizing particles in «sensitizing» atmospheric aerosols which might, later, give rise to cloud droplets.

A second UNEP report points out that it is much easier to cut short - lived greenhouse gases like methane, and fine atmospheric particles like soot from inefficient stoves.

In the article «Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements,» sciencemag.org, 49 authors concluded «Atmospheric aerosol nucleation has been studied for over 20 years, but the difficulty of performing laboratory nucleation - rate measurements close to atmospheric conditions means that global model simulations have not been directly based on experimental data.....

Another unsettling development is the effect of atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) consisting of soot particles from burning coal, diesel fuel, or wood.

For atmospheric aerosol, this shape factor is usually not strongly different from one; its effect is usually assumed negligible compared to the effect of particle size, which covers several orders of magnitude.