Sentences with phrase «from brainstem»

A child reacting from the brainstem needs safety, space, and movement to be able to regulate and access higher areas of the brain (Perry, 2006)

The neurobiological looping systems running from brainstem to body to midbrain to cortex and back again are dismantled as a consequence of the layered neurobiological resourcing process.

The vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve, a complex web of connections from the brainstem and reaching throughout the body that control and put the brakes on stress, shifting bodily resources away from fight or flight and back to «restore and grow.»

They simply relieve pressure and interference from the brainstem, spinal cord, and nerves.

If we react from our brainstem, as the student's parents might, we confirm the student's worst expectations.

It runs within the protective spinal canal from the brainstem to the 1st lumbar vertebra.

From each brainstem, 2 blocks of medullary tissue (3 mm) were collected: 1 from the mid-medulla, at the level of the nucleus of Roller (corresponding to Plate X in the atlas of Olszewski and Baxter18) and 1 from the rostral medulla, at the level of the nucleus praepositus (corresponding to Plate XII in that atlas)(Figure 1).

While much has been known about the initiation and maintenance mechanisms of activity for some time now, with regard to the stopping of activity there was only the assumption that the result of the termination of activity was from brainstem neurons.

When a spinal cord injury takes place, extensions of nerve cells from the brainstem — the region of the brain where the command and coordination for urination takes place — become disconnected from cells in the spinal cord that control the muscles that squeeze or relax the bladder and open and close the urethra.

The two reflexes occur automatically as a result of signals from the brainstem, an evolutionarily older part of the brain.

Not exact matches

Experts found that up to 70 percent of babies who died from SIDS had lower than normal levels of serotonin in the brainstem.

Brainstem abnormalities that involve the medullary serotonergic (5 - hydroxytryptamine [5 - HT]-RRB- system in up to 70 % of infants who die from SIDS are the most robust and specific neuropathologic findings associated with SIDS and have been confirmed in several independent data sets and laboratories.37, — , 40 This area of the brainstem plays a key role in coordinating many respiratory, arousal, and autonomic functions and, when dysfunctional, might prevent normal protective responses to stressors that commonly occur duriBrainstem abnormalities that involve the medullary serotonergic (5 - hydroxytryptamine [5 - HT]-RRB- system in up to 70 % of infants who die from SIDS are the most robust and specific neuropathologic findings associated with SIDS and have been confirmed in several independent data sets and laboratories.37, — , 40 This area of the brainstem plays a key role in coordinating many respiratory, arousal, and autonomic functions and, when dysfunctional, might prevent normal protective responses to stressors that commonly occur duribrainstem plays a key role in coordinating many respiratory, arousal, and autonomic functions and, when dysfunctional, might prevent normal protective responses to stressors that commonly occur during sleep.

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the sudden infant death syndrome: evidence from human pathologic studies

It has long been observed that a collection of neural projections from the visual cortex extends to cells of the brainstem that regulate innate motor behaviors.

From there, they reach neurons in the brainstem, the action center for fear responses.

«Most of our reflexes are encoded in the brainstem, but from an evolutionary standpoint, the ability for one's cortex to modify these reflexes expands one's behavioral repertoire as the circumstances require,» he said.

«Traditionally FFRs were called the «auditory brainstem responses», so we were very surprised when our method revealed that they also included a big contribution from the cortex,» says Robert Zatorre, Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery at McGill University, and senior author.

«We wanted to know what happens at the brainstem, in the cells coming from the ear,» says Matthew Xu - Friedman, PhD, the lead researcher and an associate professor of biological sciences in UB's College of Arts and Sciences.

Arising from the Schwann cells of the vestibular (balance) nerve, these tumors can grow to the point of damaging nearby structures — and can lead to death by compressing the brainstem.

They rarely explore why people, including scientists and bioethicists, hold certain views, such as criticism or support for the theory of brainstem death, which permits the removal of the heart from «donor» bodies that still function.

The GABAergic neurons project from the ventral part of the medulla, which sits at the top of the spinal cord, into many regions of the brainstem and hypothalamus, and thus are able to affect many bodily functions.

Incorporation of 3H - leucine into soluble cortical proteins was decreased in the depressed hemisphere relative to the control side, while soluble brainstem proteins from both sides had the same specific activity.

When serotonin was injected into this specialised part of the brainstem, the laryngeal chemoreflex was shortened from about 10 to 2 seconds.

The hippocampal theta rhythm depends critically on projections from the medial septal area, which in turn receives input from the hypothalamus and several brainstem areas.

Remarkably, the researchers discovered that the brainstem neurons can overpower the signals from the BG — that is, if glutamate neurons were turned on, the animal moved even if the stop pathway is activated.

By driving a linear model of the brainstem with actual recorded spike trains from a large population of SC neurons widely distributed across the motor map we obtained realistic, straight saccades with the correct kinematic properties (Video S1).

The atlas was generated using several sources of data: 1) histologic data from a dissected ex vivo human brainstem / diencephalon specimen; 2) correlative diffusion data from the same specimen (scanned prior to serial sectioning and staining); and 3) cross-reference to the Paxinos human brainstem atlas (Paxinos G, Xu - Feng H, Sengul G, Watson C. Organization of Brainstem Nuclei, in The Human Nervous Systembrainstem / diencephalon specimen; 2) correlative diffusion data from the same specimen (scanned prior to serial sectioning and staining); and 3) cross-reference to the Paxinos human brainstem atlas (Paxinos G, Xu - Feng H, Sengul G, Watson C. Organization of Brainstem Nuclei, in The Human Nervous Systembrainstem atlas (Paxinos G, Xu - Feng H, Sengul G, Watson C. Organization of Brainstem Nuclei, in The Human Nervous SystemBrainstem Nuclei, in The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed.

The vagus nerve is also known as Cranial Nerve 10, and you actually have two of them — a pair, right and left, which extend from both sides of the brainstem down through the neck, innervating the heart, lungs, esophagus, and digestive tract.

And that's the key because that's the levers that turn on this anterior semiconductor circuit that goes from your retina into your pituitary, and from your pituitary, goes right in to your brainstem to turn all these things on.

We conducted a retrospective volumetric study of magnetic resonance (MR) images from small breed dogs, Labradors and CKCS with CM to compare the volume of the cerebellum and the remaining hindbrain (i.e. brainstem) in these groups.

Intentionally engaging the brainstem through movement, music, and play provides valuable practice coming back into a regulated state from a dysregulated state, deepens connection and attunement between therapist and client, models for the parent how to help their child through dysregulation, brings high level brain functions back online, and enhances learning.