Although mtDNA capture can not be excluded to have happened between ABC bears and polar bears, these estimates nevertheless affirm with strong support a very recent divergence of polar bears
from brown bears.
So, if this new estimate of the age of polar bear divergence
from brown bears is right, polar bears have seen 2 periods warmer than the recent past.
Early genetics work suggested polar bears diverged
from brown bears about 250K [250,000] years ago.
For years polar bears were used as an example of quantum evolution and it is clear that they are a very different species
from brown bears.
Regardless of the date of their divergence
from brown bears, it has been mostly cooler throughout their evolutionary history than it is now.
In the south of Alaska, feast your eyes on the majestic hunks of ice at Glacier Bay National Park or learn how to catch salmon
from the brown bears at Brooks Falls.
The focus here is on polar bears and how rapid climate change is altering and threatening their existence some 150,000 years after they evolved
from brown bears and adapted to the below - zero temperatures of the Earth's northernmost regions.
Earlier this year, Frank Hailer of the Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre in Frankfurt, Germany, and colleagues estimated that polar bears diverged
from brown bears 600,000 years ago — a result that itself pushed back the evolutionary record of polar bears by about 450,000 years (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1216424).
Drawing on that data, Willerslev and his colleagues conclude that polar bears split off
from brown bears between 343,000 and 479,000 years ago.
From brown bear to elk, track 25 different preys in this hunting simulation set in the most beautiful countryside of the USA.
I also sought reactions from some polar bear specialists and biologists focused on DNA clues to when the species split
from its brown bear kin.
Not exact matches
The conceit is similar to that of TONL, a stock photography company
born from the Black Lives Matter movement, which expects to book $ 188,000 in revenue this year serving up imagery that represents black and
brown people.
«All local matters are to be banished
from the general legislature... and if our friends in Lower Canada choose to be extravagant, they will have to
bear the burden of it themselves,» remarked
Brown with reference to his previous annoyance.
He finds these values as well in the handiwork of «insurrectionists»
from Daniel Shays to John
Brown to Timothy McVeigh, and in the arguments of neo-republican legal scholars such as Amar, Sanford Levinson and David Williams, who find a mandate for revolutionary resistance to oppressive government in the Second Amendment right to
bear arms.
as the ice retreated a group of
brown bears were seperated
from the mainland over time the offspring of those trapped
bears that had lighter fur were able to catch food easiler thus passing on their genetics.
As we checked in, E and I were hauled in front of a security officer to taste the revolting baby food we were carrying; Hugh's Calpol was unceremoniously confiscated; E had to prise the teddy
bear from his hands [the response was what E fondly calls auto - waa] and just in case mother and child were not feeling sufficiently
browned off by this stage in the proceedings, I was forced to stand the other side of the security barrier while my baby and hispushchair were searched.
Banana Bread Buttermilk Pancakes
from Love and Confections Blackberry Cream Cheese Sweet Rolls
from Pink Cake Plate
Brown Sugar Poptarts
from Big
Bear's Wife Creme Brulee French Toast
from The Barbee Housewife Cherry Almond Coffee Cake
from The Chef Next Door Cheddar Dinner Rolls
from Family Around the Table Cinnamon Apple Danish
from Nik Snacks Garlic and Herb Pull Apart Bread
from Jane's Adventures in Dinner Lemon Poppy Seed Loaf Cake
from Books n» Cooks
So strong is the hold of these tangled waters on Kyle that, even when not fishing, he's still cruising them aboard his stately, carvel - planked Home Shore
from which he and son Ben conduct kayak charters that guide paddlers of all stripes within fathoms of
brown bears and blue glaciers.
If switching
from white rice to
brown sounds like a
bore, try one of these alternative whole grains:
Apple Cheddar Cream Cheese Danish
from Amy's Cooking Adventures Apple Cinnamon Bread
from It Bakes Me Happy Gluten Free Apple Waffles
from Gluten Free Crumbley Banana Bread Buttermilk Pancakes
from Love and Confections Blackberry Cream Cheese Sweet Rolls
from Pink Cake Plate
Brown Sugar Poptarts
from Big
Bear's Wife Creme Brulee French Toast
from The Barbee Housewife Cherry Almond Coffee Cake
from The Chef Next Door Cheddar Dinner Rolls
from Family Around the Table Cinnamon Apple Danish
from Nik Snacks Garlic and Herb Pull Apart Bread
from Jane's Adventures in Dinner Lemon Poppy Seed Loaf Cake
from Books n» Cooks Mocha Eclairs
from The Redhead Baker Sweet Apple Hand Pies with Cheddar Shortcrust
from An Edible Mosaic
If you were
born before 1980, at one point or another, you have taken a slightly smushed peanut butter and jelly sandwich
from a lunchbox or
brown paper bag and gone to town on it.
A hulking mother
brown bear glares
from her den at four intruders... who have climbed a Kodiak mountain to try to catch her cubs for exhibits at a zoo
Bottles
from Born Free, Dr.
Browns, Tommee Tippee, Avent, Lansinoh, and Medela all fit well in this warmer when tested.
For example, they'll love an adorable
bear cub made
from brown bread, peanut butter and jelly nestled on a bed of blueberries.
This model is a nice break
from the regular,
boring brown compression stockings available
from most companies.
These quesadillas were
born from some leftover pesto that we made to toss with pasta, some leftover corn tortillas, and some leftover
browned turkey
from making tacos.
Pura stainless baby bottles are compatible with wide neck nipples
from Pura, Think Baby, Dr.
Brown's, and
Born Free!
What I like the most about this bottle is that it is compatible with any nipples
from Dr.
Brown's, Think Baby and
Born Free.
The City of Buffalo's recommended 2014 capital budget, unveiled Friday by Mayor Byron
Brown, spends nearly $ 23 million on everything
from parks to polar
bears.
And a Teddy
Bear has been the one media diversion over the last few days that has helped distract public attention
from Brown's woes.
I can't think of what's more nasty than leaving whole generations in an astonishingly perilous state -
from our young people who'll have to
bear the burden of the financial bailout to the retired and about to retire who've had their pensions firstly stolen by
Brown and now decimated by his failed policies.
Using annual population estimates
from the Russian Federal Agency of Game Mammal Monitoring database, researchers analyzed trends of eight large mammals — roe deer, red deer, reindeer, moose, wild boar,
brown bears, lynx, and gray wolves — in Russia
from 1981 to 2010, a time period that includes the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union.
Oregon State University researchers are using DNA
from residual saliva on partially consumed salmon to identify
bears from the genetic samples, a significant boost to research on the population and health of
brown bears.
They also swabbed a total of 272
brown bear «scats,» or fecal samples,
from those same locations.
This analysis showed that while Tibetan
brown bears share a close common ancestry with their North American and Eurasian kin, Himalayan
brown bears belong to a distinct evolutionary lineage that diverged early on
from all other
brown bears.
The other eight were
from Asian black
bears, Himalayan
brown bears or Tibetan
brown bears.
Nielsen estimates that polar and
brown bears split
from their common ancestor 479,000 to 343,000 years ago, when Arctic conditions were mild.
«This pattern in
brown bears covers even larger geographic areas than analogous findings
from humans, where the Y - chromosomal lineage of Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, was spread across much of Asia,» said Tobias Bidon and Frank Hailer, lead authors of the study.
Mitochondrial DNA
from nine samples showed that Ötzi's getup consisted of hides
from five different species: goat leather leggings, a sheep hide loincloth, a roe deer quiver, cattle hide shoelaces, a
brown bear fur hat, and a heavy coat made of goat and sheep hides haphazardly stitched together.
This is significantly older than previous estimates based on mtDNA, confirming recent observations
from autosomal markers that
brown and polar
bears from a genetic point of view represent highly distinct species.
Scientists at Joseph Fourier University in Grenoble analysed the genetic make - up of
brown bears from all over Europe to find out which are the most closely related to the Pyrenees variety.
By analyzing the genomes of 28
bears — polar
bears, including a roughly 120,000 - year - old specimen
from Norway's Svalbard archipelago, as well as modern
brown bears and black
bears — the scientists in effect read back in time to a common ancestor at least four million years ago.
Eight of the nine yeti samples were identified as actually coming
from the Asian black
bears, Himalayan
brown bears and Tibetan
brown bears that call this remote region home.
The results suggest that Himalayan
brown bears belong to a distinct evolutionary lineage that diverged
from the other
bears during the greatest of earth's ice ages.
They might have migrated to the area around 340,000 years ago, but were probably kept geographically isolated
from Himalayan
brown bears by the rugged mountain terrain.
During a period of glaciation about 660,000 years ago, Himalayan
brown bears were one of the first groups to branch off and become distinct
from other
brown bears, the data suggest.
One hair came
from an animal shot 40 years ago in Ladakh, India, by a hunter who reported that it behaved differently
from typical
brown bears.
The researchers» best guess is that the hairs are
from either an unknown
bear species or a hybrid of a
brown bear and a polar
bear.
One Web site continues to sell live animals ranging
from lion cubs to
brown bears, while an investigator who asked another seller if he could document the legality of his products replied that he had «no papers since everything is smuggled.»
As the team reports July 1 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, supposed yeti and bigfoot samples turned out to come
from bears (
brown, black and polar), horses, raccoons, one human, some canines (the test didn't narrow down if they were wolves or dogs), cows, sheep, a North American porcupine, a Malaysian tapir and a serow, which is a known animal similar to a goat or antelope.