The rather large ERF arises mainly
from changes in cloudiness, especially in Europe.
Not exact matches
I would therefore argue that for the global mean the well - mixed GHGs and the counterbalancing reflecitve aerosol effects are «first - order» — without GHGs there is no appreciable warming signal, and without the aerosols, the warming
from GHGs is excessive and important
changes in the diurnal cycle and
cloudiness are not captured.
The most natural type of long term variability is
in my view based on slowly varying
changes in ocean circulation, which doesn't necessarily involve major transfer of heat
from one place to another but influences
cloudiness and other large scale weather patterns and through that the net energy flux of the Earth system.
The
changes in both satellite derived and measured surface insolation data are also
in line with
changes in global
cloudiness provided by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), which show an increase until the late 1980s and a decrease thereafter, on the order of 5 %
from the late 1980s to 2002.
From 1988 to 1998 there would have been a complex interaction between the ENSO cycle and the amount of sunshine entering the oceans from changes in global cloudin
From 1988 to 1998 there would have been a complex interaction between the ENSO cycle and the amount of sunshine entering the oceans
from changes in global cloudin
from changes in global
cloudiness.
Changes in the land surface (vegetation, soils, water) resulting
from human activities can affect regional climate through shifts
in radiation,
cloudiness and surface temperature.
This is
in contrast with results
from high - resolution models, which suggest that
cloudiness near cloud - base is nearly invariant with warming and independent of large - scale environmental
changes.