Sentences with phrase «from changes in ocean circulation»

This lack of agreement is due to the fact that their models ignore major forcings — both from variations of solar activity and from changes in ocean circulation.

Here we examine the hypothesis4 that CO2 variations arose from changes in ocean circulation that affected the distribution of chemical properties and thus of P CO 2 in the surface waters of the world ocean.

There is also a natural variability of the climate system (about a zero reference point) that produces El Nino and La Nina effects arising from changes in ocean circulation patterns that can make the global temperature increase or decrease, over and above the global warming due to CO2.

They range from changes in ocean circulation patterns caused by glacial meltwater entering the ocean to the cosmic - impact theory.

Not exact matches

The foundation of the research involved tracking the changes in ocean circulation in new detail by studying three sediment cores extracted from the seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 during a scientific cruise.

Looking at shifts in Manley's winter temperatures from year to year, he says, gives a good reading of important natural cycles that influence climate, such as changes in ocean circulation like the North Atlantic Oscillation.

Ongoing changes in ocean circulation patterns, which are helping to drive warm water from other parts of the sea closer to the Antarctic continent, are also believed to be a major factor.

«These conditions will cause changes in phytoplankton growth and ocean circulation around Antarctica, with the net effect of transferring nutrients from the upper ocean to the deep ocean,» said lead author J. Keith Moore, UCI professor of Earth system science.

Retreating sea ice in the Iceland and Greenland Seas may be changing the circulation of warm and cold water in the Atlantic Ocean, and could ultimately impact the climate in Europe, says a new study by an atmospheric physicist from the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) and his colleagues in Great Britain, Norway and the United States.

In the North Atlantic, more heat has been retained at deep levels as a result of changes to both the ocean and atmospheric circulations, which have led to the winter atmosphere extracting less heat from the ocean.

However, the name «El Niño», which originally has its origin from changes in the ocean, is linked to changes in the atmospheric circulation.

Dynamical effects (changes in the winds and ocean circulation) can have just as large an impact, locally as the radiative forcing from greenhouse gases.

The Past and Future Ocean Circulation from a Contemporary Perspective, in AGU Monograph, 173, A. Schmittner, J. Chiang and S. Hemming, Eds., 53 - 74, (pdf)» Wunsch's publications page is great food - for - thought, I particularly enjoyed his papers on Ice Age changes and the Milankovitch cycles.

As the planet warms from the buildup of greenhouse gases, there may be a change in the atmospheric circulations near the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

The main feedbacks between climate and the ice sheet arise from changes in ice elevation, atmospheric and ocean circulation, and sea - ice distribution.

You've got the radiative physics, the measurements of ocean temperature and land temperature, the changes in ocean heat content (Hint — upwards, whereas if if was just a matter of circulation moving heat around you might expect something more simple) and of course observed predictions such as stratospheric cooling which you don't get when warming occurs from oceanic circulation.

«This expedition offered insights into Earth's history, ranging from mountain - building in New Zealand to the shifting movements of Earth's tectonic plates to changes in ocean circulation and global climate.»

Changes in Southern Ocean circulation resulting from changes in Southern Ocean winds (23) or buoyancy fluxes (24) have been identified as the dominant cause of atmospheric CO2 changes (9,Changes in Southern Ocean circulation resulting from changes in Southern Ocean winds (23) or buoyancy fluxes (24) have been identified as the dominant cause of atmospheric CO2 changes (9,changes in Southern Ocean winds (23) or buoyancy fluxes (24) have been identified as the dominant cause of atmospheric CO2 changes (9,changes (9,10,25).

However, the name «El Niño», which originally has its origin from changes in the ocean, is linked to changes in the atmospheric circulation.

In attempting to substantiate this internal variability hypothesis, Spencer & Braswell (2011) assumed that the change in top of the atmosphere (TOA) energy flux due to cloud cover changes from 2000 to 2010 was twice as large as the heating of the climate system through ocean circulatioIn attempting to substantiate this internal variability hypothesis, Spencer & Braswell (2011) assumed that the change in top of the atmosphere (TOA) energy flux due to cloud cover changes from 2000 to 2010 was twice as large as the heating of the climate system through ocean circulatioin top of the atmosphere (TOA) energy flux due to cloud cover changes from 2000 to 2010 was twice as large as the heating of the climate system through ocean circulation.

Recent evidence from ice - core drilling in Greenland indicates that similar fluctuations also occurred during the previous interglacial period, possibly due to rapid changes in ocean circulation.

Strong evidence from ocean sediment data and from modelling links abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period and glacial - interglacial transition to changes in the Atlantic Ocean circulaocean sediment data and from modelling links abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period and glacial - interglacial transition to changes in the Atlantic Ocean circulaOcean circulation.

Another contributor is changes in ocean circulation which cause less heat is transported upwards from the deeper, warmer layer.

Energy budgets change all the time from large natural variations in ocean and atmospheric circulation.

Here a simple biologically and physically - based model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100.

Spencer & Braswell (2011) assumed that the change in top of the atmosphere (TOA) energy flux due to cloud cover changes from 2000 to 2010 was twice as large as the heating of the climate system through ocean circulation.

The cryosphere derives its importance to the climate system from a variety of effects, including its high reflectivity (albedo) for solar radiation, its low thermal conductivity, its large thermal inertia, its potential for affecting ocean circulation (through exchange of freshwater and heat) and atmospheric circulation (through topographic changes), its large potential for affecting sea level (through growth and melt of land ice), and its potential for affecting greenhouse gases (through changes in permafrost)(Chapter 4).

This polar amplification is thought to be due largely to changes in sea ice, with some contributions from changes in snow cover, atmospheric and ocean circulation, cloud cover and the presence of soot.

«The authors write that North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV) «is a key component in predictability studies of both regional and global climate change,»... they emphasize that given the links between both the PDO and the NPGO with global climate, the accurate characterization and the degree of predictability of these two modes in coupled climate models is an important «open question in climate dynamics» that needs to be addressed... report that model - derived «temporal and spatial statistics of the North Pacific Ocean modes exhibit significant discrepancies from observations in their twentieth - century climate... conclude that «for implications on future climate change, the coupled climate models show no consensus on projected future changes in frequency of either the first or second leading pattern of North Pacific SST anomalies,» and they say that «the lack of a consensus in changes in either mode also affects confidence in projected changes in the overlying atmospheric circulation.»»

That would change the air circulation patterns resulting in the observed wind effect on the ocean surfaces but would itself have been caused by changes in the rate of release or absorption of energy from the ocean surfaces.

Evidence from the Pacific and the Atlantic suggests that nutrient supply to the upper productive layer of the ocean is declining due to reductions in the Meridional Overturning Circulation and upwelling (McPhaden and Zhang, 2002; Curry and Mauritzen, 2005) and changes in the deposition of wind - borne nutrients.

Ongoing changes in ocean circulation patterns, which are helping to drive warm water from other parts of the sea closer to the Antarctic continent, are also believed to be a major factor.

Tropics affected: Konrad A. Hughen, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Scott J. Lehman, Michaele Kashgarian, John Southon, Larry C. Peterson, Richard Alley, & Daniel M. Sigman, «Deglacial changes in ocean circulation from an extended radiocarbon calibration,» Nature 391:65 - 68 (1 January 1998).

«Feb. 25, 2008 — Predictions that the 21st century is safe from major circulation changes in the North Atlantic Ocean may not be as comforting as they seem, according to a Penn State researcher.»

They concluded, «ocean pH does not simply reflect atmospheric CO2 trends but rather that circulation / biogeochemical changes account for > 90 % of pH variability in the Sargasso Sea and more variability in the last century than would be predicted from anthropogenic uptake of CO2 alone.»

The most natural type of long term variability is in my view based on slowly varying changes in ocean circulation, which doesn't necessarily involve major transfer of heat from one place to another but influences cloudiness and other large scale weather patterns and through that the net energy flux of the Earth system.

These millennial - scale teleconnections resulted from the bipolar seesaw behaviour of the Atlantic Ocean related to changes in the ocean circulaOcean related to changes in the ocean circulaocean circulation.

To better understand these discrepancies, a recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters investigates the drivers of changes in deep ocean circulation across a range of modern and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~ 21000 years ago) climate simulations from the latest Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP).

States that other feedbacks likely to emerge are those in which key processes include surface fluxes of trace gases, changes in the distribution of vegetation, changes in surface soil moisture, changes in atmospheric water vapor arising from higher temperatures and greater areas of open ocean, impacts of Arctic freshwater fluxes on the meridional overturning circulation of the ocean, and changes in Arctic clouds resulting from changes in water vapor content

The workshop was organized to allow participants to take a global perspective and consider the influence of the Arctic in the context of forcing from other components of the climate system, such as changes in the tropics, ocean circulation, and mid-latitude sea surface temperature.

Independent evidence from multiple sources suggest — if «real» — that recent warming was all cloud changes associated with decadal changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation.

Some examples from energy balance model calculations indicate that: (1) solar variability has a near - global response, with the amplitude of response slightly larger over land; (2) volcanism has a proportionately larger amplitude of response over land than over ocean; and (3) the most oft - cited mode of internal variability, changes in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, has a hemispheric asymmetry in response.

However, it remains a major scientific challenge to model and project the changes of the magnitude and intensity of subsurface oxygen depletion because it depends on changes in ocean circulation, rates of de-nitrification, and nutrient runoff from land, and because global data coverage for chemical and biological parameters remains poor.

Although we focus on a hypothesized CR - cloud connection, we note that it is difficult to separate changes in the CR flux from accompanying variations in solar irradiance and the solar wind, for which numerous causal links to climate have also been proposed, including: the influence of UV spectral irradiance on stratospheric heating and dynamic stratosphere - troposphere links (Haigh 1996); UV irradiance and radiative damage to phytoplankton influencing the release of volatile precursor compounds which form sulphate aerosols over ocean environments (Kniveton et al. 2003); an amplification of total solar irradiance (TSI) variations by the addition of energy in cloud - free regions enhancing tropospheric circulation features (Meehl et al. 2008; Roy & Haigh 2010); numerous solar - related influences (including solar wind inputs) to the properties of the global electric circuit (GEC) and associated microphysical cloud changes (Tinsley 2008).

The natural internal variability of the climate system arises from factors such as El Niño, fluctuations in the thermohaline circulation, and changes in ocean heat content.

Changes in the total solar irradiance (TSI) with enhanced extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission have been hypothesized to induce a dynamic air / ocean circulation response resulting from stratospheric ozone production (Lean & Rind 1998).

It includes results from a variety of different empirical approaches, including (1) time series analyses of the published temperature record; (2) examination of the response of the earth's outgoing radiation response to transient climate events; (3) calorimetric studies of the ocean - atmosphere system; (4) mechanisms for secular climate change arising from ocean circulation systems and astronomical influences; and (4) radiative and convective heat transfer in the oceans and atmosphere.

Though more work is needed to fully understand these long term trends, especially what happens from the mid-1970's, it is likely that changes in ocean circulation involving some combination of the Atlantic meridional overtuning circulation and the subtropical cells are required to explain the observations.

The air circulation changes ensure that over time the energy radiated to space matches the energy received from the sun despite disruptions in the flow caused by the effects of the ocean cycles or changes in the composition of the air.

Driven by changes in ocean circulation, the rapid sea level rise will bring increased risk of damage from hurricanes and winter storm surges, researchers say.