Sentences with phrase «from climate fluctuations»

* Soden et al. 2002, Science, «Global Cooling After the Eruption of Mount Pinatubo: A Test of Climate Feedback by Water Vapor» * Dessler et al. 2008, GRL, «Water - vapor climate feedback inferred from climate fluctuations, 2003 - 2008» * Gettelman & Fu, 2007, J. Climate, «Observed and Simulated Upper - Tropospheric Water Vapor Feedback»

req'd), «Water - vapor climate feedback inferred from climate fluctuations, 2003 — 2008» analyzed recent variations in surface temperature and «the response of tropospheric water vapor to these variations.»

A particularly serious omission of the Carlin «report» is the latest research on the atmospheric H2O response to greenhouse - driven warming [«Water - vapor climate feedback inferred from climate fluctuations,» in GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL.

Dessler, A. E., Zhang, Z. & Yang, P. Water - vapour climate feedback inferred from climate fluctuations, 2003 — 2008.

Not exact matches

Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the following: (1) worldwide economic, political, and capital markets conditions and other factors beyond the Company's control, including natural and other disasters or climate change affecting the operations of the Company or its customers and suppliers; (2) the Company's credit ratings and its cost of capital; (3) competitive conditions and customer preferences; (4) foreign currency exchange rates and fluctuations in those rates; (5) the timing and market acceptance of new product offerings; (6) the availability and cost of purchased components, compounds, raw materials and energy (including oil and natural gas and their derivatives) due to shortages, increased demand or supply interruptions (including those caused by natural and other disasters and other events); (7) the impact of acquisitions, strategic alliances, divestitures, and other unusual events resulting from portfolio management actions and other evolving business strategies, and possible organizational restructuring; (8) generating fewer productivity improvements than estimated; (9) unanticipated problems or delays with the phased implementation of a global enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, or security breaches and other disruptions to the Company's information technology infrastructure; (10) financial market risks that may affect the Company's funding obligations under defined benefit pension and postretirement plans; and (11) legal proceedings, including significant developments that could occur in the legal and regulatory proceedings described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2017, and any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10 - Q (the «Reports»).

Jochem Marotzke and Piers M. Forster have now explained the warming pause in terms of random fluctuations arising from chaotic processes in the climate system.

We can directly see the fluctuations from year to year,» explains Helle Astrid Kjær, postdoc in the Centre for Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen.

While the atmosphere is mainly causing climate variations on shorter time scales, from months to years, the longer - term fluctuations, such as those on decadal time scales, are primarily determined by the ocean.

Obtaining accurate sea surface temperatures is important for a range of applications — from weather prediction to climate modeling to understanding marine ecosystem fluctuations.

The study, led by Dr Julie Jones from the University of Sheffield's Department of Geography, has revealed that limited data on Antarctica's climate is making it difficult for researchers to disentangle changes caused by human activity from natural climate fluctuations.

These corals didn't seem to mind the fluctuations in local acidity that they created, which were much bigger than those we expect to see from climate change.

These variations originate primarily from fluctuations in carbon uptake by land ecosystems driven by the natural variability of the climate system, rather than by oceans or from changes in the levels of human - made carbon emissions.

Villalba (1990) «Climate Fluctuations in Northern Patagonia During the Last 1000 Years Inferred From Tree Ring Records» Quaternary Research 34, 346 - 360.

While it is theoretically possible for human and animal activities to affect the climate on Earth, the main factor causing fluctuations in temperatures on this planet, as on Mars, is variability in energy output from the Sun.

The uniquely large ensemble of simulations that is achievable with climateprediction.net allows us to deduce the changes in the climate due to this regionally - banded SRM geoengineering from the considerable inherent natural fluctuations that occur in local climates.

Because plants alter the chemical composition of the wax on their leaves depending on how dry or wet the climate is, the leaf wax from the sediment core's layers provides a record of past fluctuations in rainfall.

Natural fluctuations in the climate from one year to the next, for example, can mean a trend might only be detectable several decades after whatever is driving it begins to have an effect.

But we have used ice cores from several different parts of Svalbard, and can be fairly confident about our findings on climate fluctuations in Svalbard and North Norway as far back as the Viking Age,» says Elisabeth Isaksson.

Updated, 7:48 p.m. On time scales from decades to months, fluctuations in ocean conditions present persistent challenges to climate scientists (see the «pause» in warming) and weather forecasters.

The hockey stick provides compelling evidence for the emergence of a human - caused warming signal from the background noise of natural fluctuations in climate.

He gained widest fame for his warning, derived from studies of past climate fluctuations, that great flows of fresh water from melting ice sheets could disrupt Atlantic Ocean currents and cause regional cooling (such an idea was caricatured in the Hollywood disaster film «The Day After Tomorrow «-RRB-.

The paper also finds that several significant past climate fluctuations — including a warm spell that peaked around 1100 A.D. called the medieval warm period and the so - called little ice age from the 1400s through the 1700s — were global in scope.

As the Earth's surface warms — due to either manmade greenhouse gases or natural fluctuations in the climate system — more water evaporates from the surface.

Comparing model predictions of GHG - induced warming with recent natural temperature fluctuations also indicates the potential scale of man - made climate change.Early modelling experiments focused on the total long - term change resulting from a doubling of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.

The economic impact of climate change: Evidence from agricultural output and random fluctuation in weather.

* There is too much conflicting evidence about climate change to know whether it is actually happening * Current climate change is part of a pattern that has been going on for millions of years * Climate change is just a natural fluctuation in Earth's temperatures * Even if we do experience some consequences from climate change, we will be able to cope with them * The effects of climate change are likely to be catastrophic * The evidence for climate change is unreliable * There are a lot of very different theories about climate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change to know whether it is actually happening * Current climate change is part of a pattern that has been going on for millions of years * Climate change is just a natural fluctuation in Earth's temperatures * Even if we do experience some consequences from climate change, we will be able to cope with them * The effects of climate change are likely to be catastrophic * The evidence for climate change is unreliable * There are a lot of very different theories about climate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change is part of a pattern that has been going on for millions of years * Climate change is just a natural fluctuation in Earth's temperatures * Even if we do experience some consequences from climate change, we will be able to cope with them * The effects of climate change are likely to be catastrophic * The evidence for climate change is unreliable * There are a lot of very different theories about climate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateClimate change is just a natural fluctuation in Earth's temperatures * Even if we do experience some consequences from climate change, we will be able to cope with them * The effects of climate change are likely to be catastrophic * The evidence for climate change is unreliable * There are a lot of very different theories about climate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change, we will be able to cope with them * The effects of climate change are likely to be catastrophic * The evidence for climate change is unreliable * There are a lot of very different theories about climate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change are likely to be catastrophic * The evidence for climate change is unreliable * There are a lot of very different theories about climate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change is unreliable * There are a lot of very different theories about climate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change and little agreement about which is right * Scientists have in the past changed their results to make climate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change appear worse than it is * Scientists have hidden research that shows climate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change is not serious * Climate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateClimate change is a scam * Social / behavioural scepticism measures * Climate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateClimate change is so complicated, that there is very little politicians can do about it * There is no point in me doing anything about climate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change because no - one else is * The actions of a single person doesn't make any difference in tackling climate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change * People are too selfish to do anything about climate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change * Not much will be done about climate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change, because it is not in human nature to respond to problems that won't happen for many years * It is already too late to do anything about climate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change * The media is often too alarmist about climate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change * Environmentalists do their best to emphasise the worst possible effects of climate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change * Climate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateClimate change has now become a bit of an outdated issue * Whether it is important or not, on a day - to - day basis I am bored of hearing about climateclimate change

Instead, they free mankind from blame for climate fluctuations.

Given that calving Patagonia glaciers were far more sensitive to climate fluctuations than western Antarctica, and given the likelihood that paleo sea - ice extent around Antarctica deflected iceberg drift from present pathways, it would be helpful to know how they confirmed the respective continental sources of any dated sediments.

In 1994, Christy and another UAH scientist, Richard McNider, attempted to remove «natural» climate change from the satellite data by backing out El Niño / La Niña fluctuations and the cooling associated with two big volcanoes in 1983 and 1991.

That trend actually had little to do with greenhouse effects but seems to have been simply a natural fluctuation of the climate, a recovery from the preceding «Little Ice Age.»

The utility of climate averaged over long periods is that it removes short term fluctuations from consideration, the same point as in Example 2d.

Second, for millennia, our climate has been relatively close to equilibrium, as discerned from the tendency of fluctuations to return to a steadier baseline, from energy balance studies, and from observational data on feedbacks.

There are, however, caveats: (1) multidecadal fluctuations in Arctic — subarctic climate and sea ice appear most pronounced in the Atlantic sector, such that the pan-Arctic signal may be substantially smaller [e.g., Polyakov et al., 2003; Mahajan et al., 2011]; (2) the sea - ice records synthesized here represent primarily the cold season (winter — spring), whereas the satellite record clearly shows losses primarily in summer, suggesting that other processes and feedback are important; (3) observations show that while recent sea - ice losses in winter are most pronounced in the Greenland and Barents Seas, the largest reductions in summer are remote from the Atlantic, e.g., Beaufort, Chukchi, and Siberian seas (National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2012, http://nsidc.org/Arcticseaicenews/); and (4) the recent reductions in sea ice should not be considered merely the latest in a sequence of AMOrelated multidecadal fluctuations but rather the first one to be superposed upon an anthropogenic GHG warming background signal that is emerging strongly in the Arctic [Kaufmann et al., 2009; Serreze et al., 2009].

To add to the point made by Chris Colose, the low sensitivity estimates from Lindzen or Spencer / Braswell that he refers to are based on short term climate fluctuations of the ENSO type.

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the dominant mode of atmospheric circulation variability over the North Atlantic / European sector, is a leading governor of wintertime climate fluctuations in Europe, the Mediterranean, parts of the Middle East and eastern North America over a wide range of time scales from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal (e.g., Hurrell 1995; Hurrell et al. 2003).

The second substitution is to treat Spencer's non-radiative term — which originally related to internal energy added to the connected climate system (like thermohaline - driven or advective energy changes from deep ocean) as though it were the same as the whole variation in OHC instead of the fluctuations due to ENSO (Effectively, he assumes F - lamda * deltaT = 0).

We find that the expected 95 % range of future climate trends induced by NAO fluctuations estimated from the observed statistics of the NAO and the modeled response to increased GHGs is largely similar to that obtained from the CESM - LE directly, attesting to the fidelity of the model's representation of the NAO and the utility of this approach.

The near - linear rate of anthropogenic warming (predominantly from anthropogenic greenhouse gases) is shown in sources such as: «Deducing Multidecadal Anthropogenic Global Warming Trends Using Multiple Regression Analysis» «The global warming hiatus — a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation» «The Origin and Limits of the Near Proportionality between Climate Warming and Cumulative CO2 Emissions» «Sensitivity of climate to cumulative carbon emissions due to compensation of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mixingClimate Warming and Cumulative CO2 Emissions» «Sensitivity of climate to cumulative carbon emissions due to compensation of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mixingclimate to cumulative carbon emissions due to compensation of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mixingclimate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mixing»

Considering the 250 - y record from Stockholm, it becomes obvious that these last 100 y of warming climate comprise only one section of a fluctuating climate, or, in other words, a small fraction of a series of several such fluctuations in the temperature.

The bottom line is that true bumps, dips, and flat times punctuate the climate record, and need not be spurious in order to understand them to be fluctuations around a longer term trend, which for the past 100 years has been upward, with the years since 1950 well explained mainly by GHG - mediated forcing, plus a smaller contribution from other factors.

My own reading of the evidence is that much of the fluctuation during that interval was due to natural unforced variability from internal climate dynamics, with aerosols perhaps adding some cooling after 1950 but not necessarily a major player before 1950 nor necessarily an exclusive player from 1950 to the mid 1950s.

«The Economic Impacts of Climate Change: Evidence from Agricultural Output and Random Fluctuations in Weather».

However, sea - level fluctuations in response to changing climate have been reconstructed for the past 22,000 years from fossil data, a period that covers the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum to the warm Holocene interglacial period.

In climate science, 30 years is the accepted trend period, partly I think for historical reasons, but the length of time also makes allowance for anomalies arising from short - term fluctuations in weather and other events such as volcanoes.

Recent accelerated warming of the Arctic results from a positive reinforcement of the linear warming trend (due to an increasing concentration of greenhouse gases and other possible forcings) by the warming phase of the multidecadal climate variability (due to fluctuations of the Atlantic Ocean circulation).»

From this way to write a variable does not follow that climate = signal and fluctuation (or weather) = noise.

The study's lead author, Professor Stefan Rahmstorf, from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany, says: «Short - term fluctuations are unavoidable in global temperature.

The new guidelines from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to be presented at the upcoming U.N. climate summit in Warsaw offer improved methodologies that will make it easier for countries to measure wetland carbon fluctuations more accurately, said Daniel Murdiyarso, a principal scientist at the Center for International Forestry Research (Climate Change to be presented at the upcoming U.N. climate summit in Warsaw offer improved methodologies that will make it easier for countries to measure wetland carbon fluctuations more accurately, said Daniel Murdiyarso, a principal scientist at the Center for International Forestry Research (climate summit in Warsaw offer improved methodologies that will make it easier for countries to measure wetland carbon fluctuations more accurately, said Daniel Murdiyarso, a principal scientist at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).

The natural internal variability of the climate system arises from factors such as El Niño, fluctuations in the thermohaline circulation, and changes in ocean heat content.

«To assess the natural variability before much human interference, the new study uses «multi-proxy climate reconstructions» developed by scientists in recent years to estimate historical temperatures, as well as fluctuation - analysis techniques from nonlinear geophysics.