Clinical trials have used oligonucleotide exon skipping (OEN) to remove mutated exons
from the dystrophin transcript.
Using isolated heart cells
from dystrophin - deficient mice, the team of Dan Michele, Ph.D., and Joanne Garbincius, of the University of Michigan Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, found an explanation for this debilitating protein malfunction — and a potential way to bypass it.
Not exact matches
The inherited condition, most common in boys, results
from a lack of
dystrophin, a protein that's essential for healthy muscles.
To test the platform, they obtained skin cells
from consenting patients at the Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, all of whom had mutations that fell within the
dystrophin gene hot spot.
Once the UCLA researchers had produced iPS cells that were free
from Duchenne mutations, they differentiated the iPS cells into cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle cells and then transplanted the skeletal muscle cells into mice that had a genetic mutation in the
dystrophin gene.
Patients suffering
from Duchenne muscular dystrophy are unable to produce
dystrophin.
Dr. Eric Olson (right) shows the
dystrophin protein (red) produced in gene - edited heart muscle cells taken
from a DMD patient's blood.
The exact mutation varies
from patient to patient but in 65 percent of cases, the
dystrophin gene is missing large sections of DNA called exons, which carry the instructions for protein production.
This similarity suggests that researchers should target the underlying process in the different varieties of the disease, he says, for example by developing a drug to prevent
dystrophin from breaking down.
Muscles
from mice treated with modified human stem cells show human
dystrophin - producing muscle fibers (yellow) integrated among mouse muscle fibers (red).
It is essential the findings
from the study in the
dystrophin - deficient mice are confirmed in human DMD patients before its potential applications in these patients can be considered.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which strikes in 1 out of 5,000 newborn boys, results
from a genetic deficiency in
dystrophin, a protein involved in repairing muscle fibers affected by daily movement and activities such as exercise.
The team led by biomedical engineering professor Charles A. Gersbach used a mouse model suffering
from a mutated exon of the
dystrophin gene, programming CRISPR / CAS9 — a bacterial - protein derived process of cutting and pasting DNA portions — to snip out the defective exon.
Correction of
dystrophin expression in cells
from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients through genomic excision of exon 51 by zinc finger nucleases.