They were especially alarmed after heavy rains created serious flooding in the Southern Tier, adding to the worries that runoff
from fracking fluid would make the process even more dangerous.
A single hydrofracking treatment can yield 15,000 gallons of chemical waste
from the fracking fluids.
Not exact matches
But perusing newspapers
from towns where
fracking is going on reveals how the issue refuses to die, with headlines like «Fears of Tainted Water Well Up in Colorado,» «Collateral Damage: Residents Fear Murky Effects of Energy Boom,» and «Worker Believes Cancer Caused by Fracking Fluids» appearing re
fracking is going on reveals how the issue refuses to die, with headlines like «Fears of Tainted Water Well Up in Colorado,» «Collateral Damage: Residents Fear Murky Effects of Energy Boom,» and «Worker Believes Cancer Caused by
Fracking Fluids» appearing re
Fracking Fluids» appearing regularly.
Fleets of trucks have to make hundreds of trips to carry the
fracking fluid to and
from each well site.
«By measuring naturally occurring ammonium and iodide in numerous samples
from different geological formations in the Appalachian Basin, including flowback waters
from shale gas wells in the Marcellus and Fayetteville shale formations, we show that
fracking fluids are not much different
from conventional oil and gas wastes,» said Jennifer S. Harkness, lead author of the study and a PhD student at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment.
In 2011, in response to growing public concern about the possible environmental and human health effects of
fracking wastewater, Pennsylvania's Department of Environmental Protection requested that the discharge of
fracking fluids and other unconventional oil and gas wastewater into surface waters be prohibited
from central water - treatment facilities that release high salinity effluents.
«It's not only
fracking fluids that pose a risk; produced water
from conventional, or non-fracked, oil and gas wells also contains high levels of radium, which is a radioactive element.
In the 121 - page draft report released today, EPA officials said that the contamination near the town of Pavillion, Wyo., had most likely seeped up
from gas wells and contained at least 10 compounds known to be used in
frack fluids.
The upshot is a growing — albeit incomplete — list of preferred chemicals that companies such as Apache can choose
from as they design their
fracking fluids.
Fluid injection can occur with conventional oil and gas extraction methods, which extract fuel
from underground pools, and with unconventional methods like
fracking, which recover oil and gas
from small voids in rocks.
It can then be sucked back out as the natural gas is extracted
from the reservoir, meaning that there is a virtually complete recovery of the
fracking fluid; water - based methods have roughly a 50 percent recovery rate.
Fracking has already drawn considerable scrutiny
from environmental groups, unhappy homeowners, and teams of lawyers who blame the drilling method for polluting pristine rivers, turning bucolic farmlands into noisy industrial zones, and leaking enough methane to make ordinary tap water as flammable as lighter
fluid.
A bill now under consideration on Capitol Hill would grant the EPA oversight of
fracking and force drilling companies, which are currently exempt
from portions of the Clean Water Act, to disclose the chemicals they use in fracturing
fluids.
The risk of human - made earthquakes due to
fracking is greatly reduced if high - pressure
fluid injection used to crack underground rocks is 895m away
from faults in the Earth's crust, according to new research.
They looked both at wells used for enhanced oil recovery — in which
fluid is injected to flush lingering oil
from a depleted reservoir — and at those used to dispose of wastewater
from conventional oil and gas extraction or
from hydraulic fracturing (
fracking).
Their discovery could aid secure
fracking — in which rocks below ground are split with high - pressure
fluids — or extraction of methane gas
from deep coal beds.
The report explains that along with natural gas, production wells in the Azle area of the NEGF can also bring to the surface significant volumes of water
from the highly permeable Ellenburger Formation — both naturally occurring brine as well as
fluids that were introduced during the
fracking process.
And that is an underestimate of the amount of brine,
fracking fluid and other contaminated water that flows back up a well along with the natural gas or oil, because it is based on incomplete data
from state governments gathered in 2007.
But they also found that produced water contained potentially toxic chlorocarbons and organobromides, probably formed
from interactions between high levels of bacteria in the water and salts or chemical treatments used in
fracking fluids.
My concern is that many will read the title, «Geochemical evidence for possible natural migration of Marcellus Formation brine to shallow aquifers in Pennsylvania,» and immediately infer that residual treatment water (i.e.,
frack fluid) is most likely to leak into groundwater
from depths of several thousand feet.
The study found no evidence of contamination
from chemical - laden
fracking fluids, which are injected into gas wells to help break up shale deposits, or
from «produced water,» wastewater that is extracted back out of the wells after the shale has been fractured....
Another prime concern is water contamination either
from poorly constructed wells or mismanagement of water and other
fluids used during hydraulic fracturing, or
fracking, of wells to liberate gas
from the shale.
It's
from instances where waste
fluids — for example, the water used in
fracking — are injected deep into the earth.
The problem is that treating oil and gas waste
from fracked wells remains particularly tricky because the industry is still allowed to keep secret information about which chemicals drillers use when injecting
fluids to crack open shale formations to release oil and gas.
«Drilling companies have won exemption
from just about every piece of federal environmental law except the requirement to get permits if they use diesel in their
fracking fluid,» said Dusty Horwitt of the Environmental Working Group.
The Duke study found no evidence of contamination
from chemicals in the
fracking fluids that are injected into gas wells to help break up shale deposits, or
from produced water.
The report concludes that while there have been surface spills of
fracking wastewater, there is no evidence of groundwater contamination
from fluids injected thousands of feet below the surface.
The compromise on the chemical concentrations was that the chemicals and concentrations would be listed separately
from the descriptions of the products in the
frack fluid.
A separate study at Cornell University recently identified yet another mechanism increasing the risk of carrying contaminants
from the path of the
fracking fluids into clean groundwater reservoirs: the same properties that make the
fluids effective at
fracking help
fracking fluids dissolve contaminants like heavy metals that up until now have clung safely to soils in the form of colloids.