So, on average, the genes
from humans and chimpanzees changed faster than genes from monkeys, which changed faster than those from mice.
Working in the lab of Salk's Fred Gage, the Vi and John Adler Chair for Research on Age - Related Neurodegenerative Disease, Narvaiza, Marchetto and their colleagues identified genes that are differentially expressed between iPSCs
from humans and both chimpanzees and bonobos.
In the new study, researchers mined databases of genomic data
from humans and chimpanzees, to find enhancers expressed primarily in the brain tissue and early in development.
Biologist Stuart Newman of the New York Medical College in Valhalla is trying to get a patent on a «humanzee» — a chimeric animal made
from human and chimpanzee embryos.
Although the gene sequences
from human and chimpanzee remain very similar, previous studies in tissues other than the brain have shown that gene expression varies widely.
Not exact matches
June 19, 2013 — A Cornell University study offers further proof that the divergence of
humans from chimpanzees some 4 million to 6 million years ago was profoundly influenced by mutations to DNA sequences that play roles in turning genes on
and off.
We saw, for example, that
human chromosome 2 was a fusion of two ancestral chromosomes, chromosomes that are still separate in
chimpanzees,
and we can even see the useless remnants of teleomeres
and centromeres
from the ancestral chromosomes.
Not surprisingly, evolution since the time of Darwin has claimed that
humans, orangutans,
chimpanzees,
and macaques evolved recently
from a common ancestor.
HIV - 2 is thought to come
from the SIV in Sooty Mangabeys rather than
chimpanzees, but the crossover to
humans is believed to have happened in a similar way (i.e. through the butchering
and consumption of monkey meat).
May 29, 2013 — Like some
humans,
chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit emotional responses to outcomes of their decisions by pouting or throwing angry tantrums when a risk - taking strategy fails to pay off, according to research published May 29 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Alexandra Rosati
from Yale University
and Brian Hare
from Duke University.
Humans and chimpanzees actually evolved
from a common ancestor (CHLCA) 8 mil.
The
human brains were
from twins (identical
and fraternal) or siblings; the
chimpanzee brains had a variety of kinship relationships, including mothers
and offspring or half siblings.
«However, because SIF - seq only requires DNA sequence
from a mammal
and can be used in a variety of cell types, it should be possible to compare the neuronal enhancers present in a large genomic region
from human to the neuronal enhancers present in the orthologous
chimpanzee region.
«There are many studies in
humans,
and at least one in
chimpanzees, showing that
from an immunological perspective, juveniles
and children are really important for maintaining diseases in populations through play
and things like that,» she said.
Although the hominin fossils were clearly different
from modern
humans and chimpanzees, the analysis found the rest of the fossils fell into a single, highly variable group.
Then,
from the first apes around 25 million years ago through to
chimpanzees and humans, the cerebellum grew much faster than the neocortex (Current Biology, doi.org/v6v).
Boyd et al. sequenced the genomes of symbiotic bacteria
from human lice as well as the closely related
chimpanzee, gorilla
and red colobus monkey lice.
It began its journey to Earth more than 5 million years ago, about the time
humans and chimpanzees were splitting
from a common ancestor.
Near the bottom of this succession of rocks is Ardipithecus — not a
chimpanzee,
and not a
human — but
from the earliest portion of our branch of the hominid family tree.
There is no certain way to decide on the basis of existing knowledge whether
chimpanzees and humans inherited their pattern of territorial aggression
from a common ancestor or whether they evolved it independently in response to parallel pressures of natural selection
and opportunities encountered in the African homeland.
Neanderthals apparently suffered
from less lower back pain —
and if you've got a lot of it, you might have more in common with
chimpanzees than your fellow
humans.
Scientists
from the department of social neuroscience at the Max Planck Institute for
Human Cognitive
and Brain Sciences (MPI CBS) together with colleagues
from the MPI for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA) explored the question at what age we develop the motivation to watch,
from our perspective, a deserved punishment
and if this feature also exists in our closest relatives —
chimpanzees.
To test this hypothesis, an international team led by evolutionary biologist Philipp Khaitovich of the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences in China
and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, set out to see how many brain - related genes implicated in schizophrenia underwent positive natural selection since
humans and chimpanzees diverged
from a common ancestor between 5 million
and 7 million years ago.
Researchers have identified the evolutionary origins of
human herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1
and -2, reporting that the former infected hominids before their evolutionary split
from chimpanzees 6 million years ago while the latter jumped
from ancient
chimpanzees to ancestors of modern
humans — Homo erectus — approximately 1.6 million years ago.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have identified the evolutionary origins of
human herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1
and -2, reporting that the former infected hominids before their evolutionary split
from chimpanzees 6 million years ago while the latter jumped
from ancient
chimpanzees to ancestors of modern
humans — Homo erectus — approximately 1.6 million years ago.
EASY RIDER Gut bacteria have been passed down
from the ancestors of
humans and African apes for millennia, evolving alongside their hosts, says a new study that looked at bacteria
from gorillas, bonobos,
chimpanzees and humans.
Adenovirus 5 has 50 or so known relatives that infect
humans and so in principle could also be used as a basis for vaccines, as could one
from a
chimpanzee.
Additional support could come
from the
chimpanzee genome, which may allow researchers to clock when the genes for slow - twitch muscle fibers — crucial for running long distances
and plentiful in people but not chimps — diverged in the common evolutionary history of
humans and apes.
ramidus to images of gorilla,
chimpanzee,
and human, taken
from the frontispiece of Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature, by Thomas H. Huxley (London, 1863)(with the positions of Gorilla
and Pan reversed to reflect current genetic data).
The
human outbreaks consisted of multiple simultaneous epidemics caused by different viral strains,
and each epidemic resulted
from the handling of a distinct gorilla,
chimpanzee, or duiker carcass.
The evolution of
humans and their closest relatives,
chimpanzees and gorillas, may have been radically different
from the way scientists thought.
A professor of psychology
and neuroscience at the University of Maryland, he has been engaged for more than a decade in a wide - ranging intellectual pursuit that has taken him
from the play of young
chimpanzees to the history of American sitcoms — all in search of a scientific understanding of that most unscientific of
human customs: laughter.
First, they sequenced the same 50 olfactory receptor genes
from two
humans, two
chimpanzees, two gorillas, two orangutans,
and two rhesus macaques.
Taking an evolutionary perspective, Falk
and Hildebolt compare annual deaths
from intercommunity violence («war») for 11
chimpanzee communities, 24
human nonstates,
and 19
and 22 countries that fought, respectively, in WWI
and WWII.
Diseases such as HIV, however, which almost certainly began as a spillover
from chimpanzees, are no longer considered to be zoonotic as the chain of transmission
from humans to other
humans is continuous
and no longer relies on spillover to sustain transmission.
Pääbo
and his colleagues compared the Neanderthal DNA to the same stretch of DNA
from human mitochondria, as well as to equivalent
chimpanzee DNA.
Researchers
from Kent State University's College of Arts
and Sciences, along with colleagues
from the George Washington University, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Georgia State University, Barrow Neurological Institute
and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, found that the brains of aged
chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, show pathology similar to the
human Alzheimer's disease brain.
Blumstein
and his colleagues surveyed literature on
human - wildlife interactions all over the world,
from chimpanzee ecotourism in Uganda, to elk
and antelope gawking in the Grand Tetons.
Of the three strains of HIV known to infect
humans, we know that two — the one causing the global AIDS epidemic
and another that has infected a small number of people in Cameroon — came
from a
chimpanzee virus called SIV.
Rewiring gene activity in
humans happened, in part, when transposons inserted themselves into the genomes of
human ancestors after the split
from chimpanzees, he reported last year in Genome Biology
and Evolution.
The
human and chimpanzee lineages split off
from each other between 5 million
and 7 million years ago.
«In combination with findings
from human studies, work with
chimpanzees can provide enormous insights into core biobehavioral processes relevant to psychological illness
and health,» said Robert Latzman, lead author of the study
and assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at Georgia State.
To make this discovery, Varki
and colleagues compared three major CD33rSiglecs
from humans,
chimpanzees and baboons.
After analyzing
human DNA
from several populations around the world
and examining primate genomes dating back to the shared ancestor of both
humans and chimpanzees, researchers reached a striking conclusion that several gene variants linked to schizophrenia were actually positively selected
and remained largely unchanged over time, suggesting that there was some advantage to having them.
From the
human perspective, few events in evolution were more momentous than the split among primates that led to apes (large, tailless primates such as today's gorillas,
chimpanzees,
and humans)
and Old World monkeys (which today include baboons
and macaques).
«Our new research supports early divergence: 10 million years ago for the
human - gorilla split
and 8 million years ago for our split
from chimpanzees,» said Los Alamos National Laboratory geologist
and senior team member Giday WoldeGabriel.
Orangutans were next, followed by gorillas, with the
chimpanzees and human lineages diverging
from each other last.
For a start, the degree to which we know stuff
and know what others know is quite possibly what separates
humans from everything else on the planet,
from rocks to
chimpanzees (see «Knowledge: Of chimps, curiosity
and quantum mechanics «-RRB-.
Based on this new fossil evidence
and analysis, the team suggests that the
human branch of the tree (shared with
chimpanzees) split away
from gorillas about 10 million years ago — at least 2 million years earlier than previously claimed.
Bring up a
chimpanzee from birth as if it were a
human and it will learn many unsimian behaviours, like wearing clothes
and even eating with a knife
and fork.