But this past August, when scientists reported observing
water from a hydrothermal vent acting like a liquid and a gas simultaneously at 867 °F, nature had thrown them for a loop.
Recently, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) researchers and collaborators have computed the dispersal of
larvae from these hydrothermal vent ecosystems to understand and safeguard the animals found there.
In autumn 2011, she boarded a deep - sea research vessel of the Japan Agency for Marine - Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) to collect samples of deep - sea benthos
from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough.
These bacteria were found to live under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, while utilising the minerals that were dissolved in the hot water that was
emanating from these hydrothermal vents from deep within the Earth, at temperatures as high as 400 degrees Celsius.
Water, salts, organics, and methane make their way
from the hydrothermal vents on the ocean bottom to the surface through cracks in the icy crust, erupting as geysers.
Over the history of the planet, there have been many sudden peaks in CO2 related to volcanic eruptions,
releases from hydrothermal vents, and other natural events.
Astrobiologists fear that if the crust is too thick, any possible life would be limited to organisms that use chemical
energy from hydrothermal vents, a very restricted niche.
A hotspot on the ocean floor could become a living laboratory where marine scientists can study underwater volcanoes and the weird life that clusters around the plumes of superheated water
spurting from hydrothermal vents.
Currently, we are exploring several environmental samples retrieved from allover the world -
ranging from hydrothermal vents in Japan to hot springs in Yellowstone National Park and New Zealand — for the presence of novel archaeal (and bacterial) lineages using cultivation - independent approaches, such as metagenomics and single cell genomics.
We were able to show that under [presumed] Enceladus - like conditions and the given environmental parameters, biological methane production did occur in the lab,» and that a «
microoorganism from a hydrothermal vent system on Earth could be grown in the presence of [presumed] inhibitors in combination with high pressure.»
The bacteria have a sophisticated antenna system that allows them to collect the low light
emanating from hydrothermal vents, the researchers explain in a report published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.