Sentences with phrase «from ice on the surface»

The point of the observations that you have gathered from the people who study, as opposed to merely post speculations, is the water near the bottom of the Arctic Ocean is isolated from the ice on its surface.

Not exact matches

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

It started on a New Year's Day, with pomp, parades, bowl queens and quarterbacks in a traditional spectacle, and it ended hardly hours ago to the shush of skis across a hundred mountain slopes, the tranquillity of a year - end sunset seen from a thousand duck blinds and the last ice fisherman packing up his gear onthe frozen surface of Lake Minnetonka.

And when they land on Greenland's snow and ice, their ability to absorb heat from sunlight increases surface melting.

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

Water ice is present on the surface of Comet Tempel 1, suggest observations from NASA's Deep Impact mission.

In that case, the ice seen on the surface now would once have been buried beneath dust and rock that insulated it from the sun's heat and prevented it from escaping into space.

Unlike Saturn's bright rings, which are made almost entirely of ice particles, Mars's rocky ring will be dark and largely invisible from Earth, although the cloud of orbiting Phobos bits will at first be dense enough to cast a shadow on the Red Planet's surface during some parts of the planet's orbit around the sun, the researchers say.

In 2005, NASA's Cassini spacecraft spied jets of water ice and vapor erupting into space from fissures on Enceladus, evidence of a salty ocean beneath the saturnian moon's placid icy surface.

This expedition landed on the southwestern confines of the Ross Sea, and, by its explorations, showed that the great ice barrier is in reality the front of an enormous ice field or glacier, mainly floating on the surface of an extended bay or sea, and fed by glaciers coming down from the elevated land on the westerly side and probably also on the eastern.

Unlike what happened on Pluto, any ice that filled up the basin on Ceres» warmer surface would have quickly turned to gas from the sun's heat.

The researchers took samples from multiple surface ice locations on the Greenland ice sheet, which they analysed using metagenomic data and binned genomes.

While that water could initially come from Earth, it could later come from water ice frozen on asteroids, in shadowed regions of the moon's surface, from possible sources on Mars» two moons, or from Mars itself.

Using computer modeling to interpret images from NASA's Galileo satellite, Pappalardo and Barr demonstrated that acnelike markings on Europa's surface are probably bits of ice containing minerals such as chloride salts and sulfuric acid, which lower the melting point so the material can rise from deep below.

These planets in the habitable zones of their stars, while able to support liquid water on their surfaces, develop in dry environments and need to have ice sent in from farther out.

Untersee is a good model for Mars, he says, because it is supplied by subglacial melt — water that accumulates at the bottom of an ice pile — rather than from surface melting, which does not occur on Mars.

So any rocks you see on the surface of these thick ice sheets in Antarctica have to come from space.

Using spectral readings from telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, Hand has found high levels of oxidative chemicals such as sulfate, oxygen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on Europa's surface, which are produced as ionizing radiation from Jupiter scours it, splitting apart water molecules and sulfur compounds in the uppermost layers of its ice.

«This was exactly the functionality that we wanted from the anti-icing surfaces: we wanted to secrete antifreeze only in response to the presence of ice on the surface, irrelevant of form — frost, glaze or rime,» said Rykaczewski.

The top layer is superhydrophobic, preventing freezing rain from forming ice on the surface.

A team of researchers from Arizona State University (ASU) has developed a new way to prevent ice buildup on surfaces like airplane wings, finding inspiration in an unusual source: the poison dart frog.

David Ullman, a postdoctoral researcher at Oregon State University and lead author on the study, said there are two mechanisms through which ice sheets diminish — dynamically, from the jettisoning of icebergs at the fringes, or by a negative «surface mass balance,» which compares the amount of snow accumulation relative to melting.

Not far from a range of giant ice mountains on Pluto lies a vast stretch of icy plains whose surface is broken into cell - like blocks by snaking troughs, new photos by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft reveal.

Then she improved on nature to create permanent nonstick surfaces that could keep artificial walls free of insect infestations, prevent ice from adhering to airplane wings, and deter bacterial growth on medical devices continually in contact with body fluids.

Congelation ice, on the other hand, grows downward from the surface of a calm lake when temperatures are sufficiently cold.

New research shows how a layer of water on the surface of ice — even at temperatures well below freezing — can influence everything from the slipperiness of a skating rink to the electrification of thunderclouds

The bears depend on hunting seals on the surface of the sea ice over the continental shelf, most successfully from April to July.

In 2005, while exploring the Saturn system, the Cassini spacecraft made a startling discovery: Cryovolcanoes on Enceladus were spewing jets of water vapor and ice into space, possibly from a liquid water source beneath the surface.

«Any photosynthetic system on Europa would have to live at a depth removed from the high radiation bombarding the ice surface and still get light,» Baross says.

The reason for that, they suggest, is that instead of landing directly on the surface, ejecta from Lyot landed on a thick layer of ice, which prevented it from gouging the surface beneath the ice.

Most of the images from Rosetta have been in black & white, so these colour ones are a nice change and show incredible detail, including patches of water ice on the rocky surface.

Although radiation from Jupiter's magnetosphere would be harmful to life on Europa's surface down to a depth of a few centimeters, sunlight could sustain photosynthetic organisms beneath the ice to a depth of several meters.

On November 16, 2011, scientists announced that data from NASA's Galileo probe (which operated from 1989 to 2003) appear to reveal at least two bodies of liquid water the volume of the North America's Great Lakes underneath the surface ice of Europa.

... The ice is not just scattered on the surface; it goes hundreds of miles deep,» and the world is even colder than Pluto, which itself is colder than liquid nitrogen, added co-author Jennifer Yee from the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).

Even deeper oceans of 60 to 125 miles (100 to 200 km) are now believed to lie below surface ice on Callisto and Ganymede, which orbit further out from Jupiter.

To that end, they will observe the weather on these ice shelves, measure the amount of surface melt from the ground and from satellites, and analyse how snow characteristics change in response to melt.

This should chew up any DNA from dust on the ice surface.

Astronomers have discovered direct evidence of water on the dwarf planet Ceres in the form of vapor plumes erupting into space, possibly from volcano - like ice geysers on its surface.

They effectively remove mass from the ice sheet surface by sublimation and redistribute snow on a regional scale.

It's possible that water from the underground ocean itself could be forced through Europa's ice shell to erupt on the surface.

It was also clear from Galileo's data that there is something other than pure water ice on the trailing hemisphere's surface.

At perihelion, Pluto's surface temperature increases to about minus 220 degrees Celsius (minus 364 degrees Fahrenheit), allowing the ice on its surface to sublimate — that is, transition directly from a solid to a gas.

Surface radiative energy budget plays an important role in the Arctic, which is covered by snow and ice: when the balance is positive, more solar radiation from the Sun and the Earth's atmosphere arrives on the Earth's surface than is emitted fSurface radiative energy budget plays an important role in the Arctic, which is covered by snow and ice: when the balance is positive, more solar radiation from the Sun and the Earth's atmosphere arrives on the Earth's surface than is emitted fsurface than is emitted from it.

With its powerful suite of complementary science instruments, the mission soon revealed a towering plume of water ice and vapor, salts and organic materials that issues from relatively warm fractures on the wrinkled surface.

At FMI algorithms and procedures have been developed for producing daily thin ice thickness (< 0.5 m) charts for the Arctic in wintertime based on ice surface temperature which is retrieved from the thermal infrared data of the MODIS spectrometer.

The film is Jane and Stephen's story (the script is largely based on the second of Jane Hawking's two memoirs), and even though it smooths out some of their domestic unease and eventual divorce, there's still a painful strain below the surface, from playful sparring over religion to the tougher realities of ambitions put on ice.

While AUTOMOBILE editors are already devout believers of winter tires, Bridgestone brought us down to South Bend, Indiana, where we sampled the latest and greatest arctic offerings from the tire maker on one of the most challenging surfaces possible: an ice rink.

On surfaces ranging from black ice to packed snow, the GLS 500 was surefooted on the way up and the way back dowOn surfaces ranging from black ice to packed snow, the GLS 500 was surefooted on the way up and the way back dowon the way up and the way back down.

It features tie - down loops that allow you to strap on extra gear, a design that keeps your items elevated from hot surfaces, and 5 - day ice retention up to 90 degrees.

Even with most snow removal methods, there is almost always some snow or ice remaining, frozen to the surface or packed down from people walking on it.