Dogs can sustain cuts or abrasions
from icy surfaces including the crust on top of snow.
Comets can also shift their orbits due to jets of gas and dust that rocket
from their icy surface as they approach the Sun.
Not exact matches
The spot where Europa's plumes appear to originate (left, with the green oval showing the 2014 occurrence and the blue oval showing the 2016 occurrence) is also the warmest spot on the
icy moon's
surface, shown in a heat map
from the Galileo spacecraft (right, with lighter yellow contours showing relatively warmer regions).
In 2005, NASA's Cassini spacecraft sent pictures back to Earth depicting an
icy Saturnian moon spewing water vapor and ice
from fractures, known as «tiger stripes,» in its frozen
surface.
Most meteor showers are thought to come
from comets, whose
icy surfaces vaporise easily during close encounters with the sun.
ONTO THE ICE This image
from the Galileo spacecraft shows the
icy surface of Europa.
In 2005, NASA's Cassini spacecraft spied jets of water ice and vapor erupting into space
from fissures on Enceladus, evidence of a salty ocean beneath the saturnian moon's placid
icy surface.
Around the south pole of Enceladus — a 500 - kilometer - wide runt of a moon many expected to be rather inert and uninteresting — the orbiter saw tantalizing signs of activity — plumes of water vapor venting into space
from fissures in the
icy surface.
The smooth,
icy surface of Telesto sets it apart
from most other Saturnian moons, which are heavily cratered.
Nobody had ever thought of this roughly 300 - mile - wide
icy satellite as anything special — until the Cassini spacecraft witnessed geysers of water vapor blowing out
from its
surface.
The latest data
from the Cassini - Huygens mission, including a mosaic image of the
surface, show an odd bright red spot, an
icy volcano, and a dark feature that may be a lake.
Researchers suspect that Phoebe's
surface has probably changed very little during its captivity, meaning the moon offers unprecedented insights into objects in the Kuiper belt, the
icy band
from which comets arise.
Such active geology suggests that Europa's
icy surface is connected to its buried ocean — creating a possible pathway for salts, minerals and maybe even microbes to get
from the ocean to the
surface and back again.
Most likely, scientists have proposed, the tidal flexing induced in a moon's
icy surface causes cracks in polar regions to open widest while the satellite is farthest
from its parent planet but clamp shut at other times.
Not far
from a range of giant ice mountains on Pluto lies a vast stretch of
icy plains whose
surface is broken into cell - like blocks by snaking troughs, new photos by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft reveal.
The new insights could be useful both when it is desirable to have droplets stick to
surfaces, such as in some kinds of 3 - D printers, to help make sure each printed layer adheres thoroughly to the previous layer, and when it's important to prevent droplets
from sticking, such as on airplane wings in
icy weather.
Rosetta project scientist Matt Taylor says that early results
from some of the orbiter's instruments show that the
surface is slightly warmer than expected — an indication that it is more dusty and porous than
icy.
The pictures, taken when New Horizons was about 13 million kilometers
from the dwarf planet, show three different swaths of the
icy surface as Pluto slowly rotated on its axis.
Enceladus's plumes are thought to originate in water escaping
from a subsurface ocean through cracks in the moon's
icy surface.
When planetary scientists started studying the photographs and data
from Voyager and the subsequent Galileo mission that studied the Jovian system during the 1990s and early 2000s, they confirmed this notion: these ridges, or lineae, are fructures, or cracks, on Europa's
icy surface, caused be the intense tidal forces of the massive, nearby Jupiter and the orbital resonances with the other nearby moons.
It also would be far easier to get a water sample
from Enceladus, which has plumes of water vapor, ice and particles shooting more than 300 miles off its
surface, than
from other moons, such as Jupiter's Europa, where a massive ocean is believed to be buried beneath a thick
icy crust.
Raw image
from the Oct. 14 flyby, showing craters and cracks in the
icy surface.
Ammonia, in addition to sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate found at Occator, has been detected in the plumes of Enceladus, an
icy moon of Saturn known for its geysers erupting
from fissures in its
surface.
These lakes, that would be located deep in Europa's
icy crust, could be communicating with the liquid water ocean below, while providing it with chemical elements
from the
surface that would be a valuable energy source to any potential life forms.
Heat generated by the gravitational pull of moons formed
from massive collisions could extend the lifetimes of liquid water oceans beneath the
surface of large
icy worlds in our outer solar system, according to new NASA research.
Cassini first revealed active geological processes on Enceladus in 2005 with evidence of an
icy spray issuing
from the moon's south polar region and higher - than - expected temperatures in the
icy surface there.
Water, salts, organics, and methane make their way
from the hydrothermal vents on the ocean bottom to the
surface through cracks in the
icy crust, erupting as geysers.
The discovery team presumes that VP113 has an
icy reflective
surface like other relatively small, outer Solar System objects, as the dwarf planet is observed to have a pink tinge, which is hypothesized to result
from chemical changes produced by the effect of radiation on frozen water, methane, and carbon dioxide.
Heat generated by the gravitational pull of moons formed
from massive collisions could extend the lifetimes of liquid water oceans beneath the
surface of large
icy worlds in our outer solar system.
When an
icy impact occurred, the impactor's kinetic energy became heat energy, instantly melted some ice, gouged out a crater, and kicked up into Mars» thin atmosphere large amounts of debris mixed with water (liquid, ice crystals, and vapor)-- and complex organic molecules that obviously came recently
from life.127 Then, the dirt and salt - water mixture settled back to the
surface in vast layers of thin sheets — strata — especially around the crater.
Even more magic lies within the Golf R's AWD system, since brake - based electronic front and rear differentials can vary torque
from one side of the car to the other depending on available traction, such as on
icy surfaces.
Technologies drawn
from XE include All -
Surface Progress Control — a smart low - speed (up to 30km / h) traction control system that Jaguars say can provide most of the benefits of all - wheel drive even on
icy surfaces.
Experience the adventure of your life:
From fighting epic bosses after surviving a space war to a near
surface flight on an
icy planet and the infiltration of a secret space station.
It's easy to imagine that the seafloor miles beneath the
icy surface of the Southern Ocean might be a cold, dark, inhospitable place, as devoid of life as the vacuum of space it so closely resembles — but that couldn't be further
from the truth.
Thin,
icy cirrus clouds are poor sunshields but very efficient insulators that trap energy rising
from the Earth's warmed
surface.
Injuries can result
from slipping and falling on wet,
icy, slick or debris strewn
surfaces.
The interior design choices —
from the richly veined black marble bar and dark ceiling to the gilt touches and shots of
icy blue — all create an environment that is commercial on the
surface, but warm at heart.