4) Increased cloudiness of the Arctic in the early fall months (
from increased humidity levels from open water) actually allowing the region to stay warmer later into the fall freeze up.
Not exact matches
Cui says the issue is not with the telescope, but with
increasing dust and
humidity at the site, which now gets only 120 clear nights a year, down
from more than 200 when LAMOST was being planned.
And a third found that climate - induced sea - surface temperature anomalies over the northeast Pacific were driving storms (and moisture) away
from California, but the warming also caused
increased humidity — two competing factors that may produce no net effect.
Total column water vapour has
increased over the global oceans by 1.2 ± 0.3 % per decade
from 1988 to 2004, consistent in pattern and amount with changes in SST and a fairly constant relative
humidity.
A compilation of surface measurements of downward longwave radiation
from 1973 to 2008 find an
increasing trend of more longwave radiation returning to earth, attributed to
increases in air temperature,
humidity and atmospheric carbon dioxide (Wang 2009).
From 75 - 90 degrees it can
increase up to 10 beats per minute and the
humidity will make it
increase even more.
Increased temperature leads to increased evaporation from the sea, and thus to higher absolute humidity (assuming fixed relative humidity), and since H2O molecules are even more effective infrared absorbers than CO 2 molecules, the warming trend is re
Increased temperature leads to
increased evaporation from the sea, and thus to higher absolute humidity (assuming fixed relative humidity), and since H2O molecules are even more effective infrared absorbers than CO 2 molecules, the warming trend is re
increased evaporation
from the sea, and thus to higher absolute
humidity (assuming fixed relative
humidity), and since H2O molecules are even more effective infrared absorbers than CO 2 molecules, the warming trend is reinforced.
Humidity: Pet birds can adapt to a wide range of humidity levels, although birds native to subtropical climates may benefit from localized increased humidity in the home (e.g., in the bathroom with running shower or frequent spraying of the feathers with
Humidity: Pet birds can adapt to a wide range of
humidity levels, although birds native to subtropical climates may benefit from localized increased humidity in the home (e.g., in the bathroom with running shower or frequent spraying of the feathers with
humidity levels, although birds native to subtropical climates may benefit
from localized
increased humidity in the home (e.g., in the bathroom with running shower or frequent spraying of the feathers with
humidity in the home (e.g., in the bathroom with running shower or frequent spraying of the feathers with water).
From June, average daily rainfall
increases to a peak in September, when the
humidity is generally over 80 %.
Darwin's wet season lasts
from November until April and while it may make some tourist activities less appealing due to the
humidity and
increased rainfall, the region comes alive with spectacular waterfalls and lush green rainforest.
For example, they predicted the expansion of the Hadley cells, the poleward movement of storm tracks, the rising of the tropopause, the rising of the effective radiating altitude, the circulation of aerosols in the atmosphere, the modelling of the transmission of radiation through the atmosphere, the clear sky super greenhouse effect that results
from increased water vapor in the tropics, the near constancy of relative
humidity, and polar amplification, the cooling of the stratosphere while the troposphere warmed.
So far, the precipitation scenarios have only been derived
from SLP - fields, and do not take into account
increases in
humidity.
I think what Alastair is alluding to is the fact that, say by 2050 when the arctic ocean will conceivably be ice - free in the summer, the atmosphere will have a much higher relative
humidity than it has currently because of the open air = water interface, so this will have a magnifying effect beyond just the feedback
from increased CO2.
re Gavin @ 223 I know what the mean global temperature is (actually, I don't, see below) but the question was why is this a meaningful metric for looking at changes over time, when you could get the same global mean
from very different distributions of temperature (eg
increase the poles, decrease the tropics) which would have very different interpretations of energy balance (at least if I am right that
humidity matters)?
Taking the slow
increase of precipitation with temperature as a given, the more rapid
increase of boundary layer
humidity implies that the rate of transport of moisture
from the boundary layer to higher levels where it rains out must go down.
The condensation level at the top of the boundary layer will prevent this
increased humidity reaching further up into the atmosphere, because it will be rained out
from the clouds at the condensation level.
If the trends were just
from instrument changes, why did lower
humidity increase but upper
humidity decrease?
«Miskolczi additionally shows
from 61 years of radiosonde data that a long - term decrease in the Earth's greenhouse effect
from humidity decreases in the middle and upper atmosphere have approximately counterbalanced the
increase in the greenhouse effect
from rising CO2 levels.
Therefore, if the absolute
humidity were to remain the same as one moves
from the coasts to the continental interiors, relative
humidity would actually
increase.
Heat stress is projected to
increase as a result of both
increased summer temperatures and
humidity.55, 61 One study projected an
increase of between 166 and 2,217 excess deaths per year
from heat wave - related mortality in Chicago alone by 2081 - 2100.62 The lower number assumes a climate scenario with significant reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases (B1), while the upper number assumes a scenario under which emissions continue to
increase (A2).
I then play a video
from Texas Tech University climate scientist Dr. Katharine Hayhoe which she says: «One of the changes we have seen is that the average
humidity of our planet has
increased by 4 %.
Even in areas where precipitation does not decrease, these
increases in surface evaporation and loss of water
from plants lead to more rapid drying of soils if the effects of higher temperatures are not offset by other changes (such as reduced wind speed or
increased humidity).5 As soil dries out, a larger proportion of the incoming heat
from the sun goes into heating the soil and adjacent air rather than evaporating its moisture, resulting in hotter summers under drier climatic conditions.6
Surface measurements of downward longwave radiation A compilation of surface measurements of downward longwave radiation
from 1973 to 2008 find an
increasing trend of more longwave radiation returning to earth, attributed to
increases in air temperature,
humidity and atmospheric carbon dioxide (Wang 2009).
So for example, tomatoes suffer extremely
from water shortages (in cases of droughts) or
increased humidity (in cases of long lasting rain).
The average relative
humidity in cities is usually several percent lower than that of adjacent rural areas, primarily because of
increased runoff of precipitation and the lack of evapotranspiration
from vegetation in urban areas.
This snowpack accumulation near the poles, which gets its water via the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, that in turn rob it
from equatorial latitudes of our oceans, also results in a reduction in the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and causes the spin rate to
increase as evidenced in the recent history of the rate at which Leap Seconds are added to our calendar (see Wysmuller's Toucan Equation for more on this evidence that during this warm time with much greater polar
humidity, earlier seasonal, later seasonal and heavier snows are beginning to move water vapor
from the oceans to the poles to re-build the polar ice caps and lead us into a global cooling, while man - made CO2 continues to
increase http://www.colderside.com/faq.htm).
A compilation of surface measurements of downward longwave radiation
from 1973 to 2008 find an
increasing trend of more longwave radiation returning to earth, attributed to
increases in air temperature,
humidity and atmospheric carbon dioxide (Wang 2009).
Standing in the African sun, as the
humidity in tha air
increases the direct heat
from the sun on my skin becomes less.
«Trends in U.S. Surface
Humidity, 1930 — 2010 -LSB-...]
Increasing evidence from observations and climate models indicates that anthropogenic activity is increasing atmospheric moisture (Boucher et al. 2004; Willett et al. 2007; Santer et al. 2007; Min et
Increasing evidence
from observations and climate models indicates that anthropogenic activity is
increasing atmospheric moisture (Boucher et al. 2004; Willett et al. 2007; Santer et al. 2007; Min et
increasing atmospheric moisture (Boucher et al. 2004; Willett et al. 2007; Santer et al. 2007; Min et al. 2008).
Another paper discusses how atmospheric
humidity increased during the recent period of pronounced global warming (
from about the late 1970s to the present), with a
humidity decrease during the cooling / temperature stagnation period of ~ 1940s to the 1970s:
A slight change of ocean temperature (after a delay caused by the high specific heat of water, the annual mixing of thermocline waters with deeper waters in storms) ensures that rising CO2 reduces infrared absorbing H2O vapour while slightly
increasing cloud cover (thus Earth's albedo), as evidenced by the fact that the NOAA data
from 1948 - 2008 shows a fall in global
humidity (not the positive feedback rise presumed by NASA's models!)
The relative
humidity suggests as well that the OLR
from the water vapour in the spectral regions where figure 6 - A shows high optical thickness has been slowly
increasing, as the source of radiation to the cosmos moved to slightly «lower and warmer» layers.
In recent decades the ITCZ has been migrating north moving it farther away
from Easter Island and as that distance
increases absolute
humidity over Easter Island will necessarily decrease which necessarily means in
increasing temperature delta between daytime high and nighttime low.
Measurement of CO2 concentration is always problematic; the «Standard Dry Air» SDA basis of measurement and comparison is at standard temperature and pressure which is a non-existent parameter; and as we are seeing, CO2 is not a well - mixed gas at all and will be defined by, amongst other variables, SH, or absolute
humidity; SH can vary
from 0 to 5 % by volume of atmosphere; as the SH
increases, the absolute amount of other gases, including CO2, decreases; to say therefore that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have remained stable and not been above 280ppm over the last 650my is fanciful; even if you assume past CO2 levels have not got above 280ppm the range of variation within that limit has been greater than the current
increase;
Of course it does not agree with IPCC, who is selling us the message that specific
humidity increases in march - step with temperature according to Clausius - Clapeyron to essentially maintain a constant relative
humidity (thereby resulting in a major positive feedback
from water vapor with warming).
That is what happens when oceans naturally
increase their emission of energy and the response of the air is exactly the same whether the warmer ocean surface is a result of enhanced energy emission
from the ocean or enhanced energy in the air
from another cause such as more
humidity or more CO2.
The lower relative
humidity and
increased temperatures that would result
from potential reductions in fog and low cloud cover could
increase plant evapotranspiration rates, raise soil water deficits, and accelerate risks of forest fire.
Upper tropospheric
humidity is a critical topic in assessing the strength of water vapor feedbacks — knowledge that is essential to understand just how much temperature
increase can be expected
from doubled CO2.
Philipona et al. (2004) measured the changes and trends of radiative fluxes at the surface and their relation to greenhouse gas
increases and temperature and
humidity changes measured
from 1995 to 2002 at eight stations of the Alpine Surface Radiation Budget (ASRB) network.
In the lower atmosphere, the available data points to
increasing water vapor content, but because of large variations in local
humidity from day to night,
from day to day, and
from season to season, no - one currently knows exactly how much more water vapor is going into the air (IPCC Working Group 1 Assessment Report 4, Chapter 3, «Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change», page 273).
It seems the models rely on this
increased humidity feedback to amplify the small incremental warming
from CO2 to a significant several degrees C.
One study, published in today's edition of the journal Nature, found that the overall
increase in worldwide surface
humidity from 1973 - 99 was 2.2 %, which is due «primarily to human - caused global warming,» according to study co-author Nathan Gillett of the University of East Anglia, in Norwich, U.K.
Irrigation also leads to boreal winter (December - February) warming over parts of North America and Asia in the latter part of the century, due to enhanced downward longwave fluxes
from increased near surface
humidity.
A significant
increase in the clear - sky longwave downward flux was found to be due to an enhanced greenhouse effect after combining the measurements with model calculations to estimate the contribution
from increases in temperature and
humidity.
Landlords also have expressed concern over safety hazards like electrical fires,
humidity damage, and
increased complaints
from tenants over the potentially offensive smell of maturing marijuana plants.
Bromeliads will benefit
from regular misting to
increase humidity.