Offshore oil production should benefit
from less ice.
It is very hard to put a percentage on how much of the ice is being lost from warmer water versus warmer air versus feedback
from less ice and more SW entering the water.
These methods have been significantly improved by fully coupling the hydrologic cycle among land, lake, and atmosphere.94, 95 Without accounting for that cycle of interactions, a study96 concluded that increases in precipitation would be negated by increases in winter evaporation
from less ice cover and by increases in summer evaporation and evapotranspiration from warmer air temperatures, under a scenario of continued increases in global emissions (SRES A2 scenario).
Whales may actually benefit
from less ice cover, at least initially, as the open water could expand their feeding habitats and increase food supplies.
Not exact matches
The pair wanted better,
less expensive
ice axes for their mountaineering, and found that they could get the best deals by cutting out the middleman altogether and importing them
from Austria directly.
These layers may be visible, related to the nature of the
ice; or they may be chemical, related to differential transport in different seasons; or they may be isotopic, reflecting the annual temperature signal (for example, snow
from colder periods has
less of the heavier isotopes of H and O).
Yet,
less than a century and a half before, an 11 - year - old boy and his partly crippled great - grandfather had maintained a valley bottom outpost, unaided, against Indians,
ice storms and wild animal depredations for almost six months until the rest of their family could return
from a trip to Louisiana marked by a rash of mishaps.
Whilst remaining (2006) the market leader in the UK for individual hand - held products such as Cornetto and Magnum, and value - added multi-portion products designed to be eaten at home, such as Viennetta, the Wall's brand faces severe competition
from the major supermarket brands and to a
lesser extent
from Nestle and Mars spin - off
ice cream products.
Of the 18 tropical
ice cream flavors presently on the roster, Ramar Foods» two most popular flavors are ube — a sweet, deep purple yam that grows throughout Southeast Asia — and mango —
from Philippine mangos, which are said to be sweeter and
less fibrous than other mangos, he says.
3 Tbs unsalted butter 2/3 cup packed brown sugar 2 cups half and half (I just couldn't bring myself to use heavy cream when I knew I would eat a ton of this
ice cream) 4 large egg yolks pinch of kosher salt 2 tsp vanilla extract 1 1/2 cups whole milk 1/2 cup mini-chocolate chips — I used regular chips and a lot
less (as you can tell
from the pics) but next time I will definitely use more
This time, per a press release, visitors to Starbucks stores between 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.
from today, June 27, to Sunday, July 2, can receive a free
iced espresso drink of equal or
lesser value with the purchase of a grande - size
iced espresso beverage.
The Illusionary Treatment Option» by Gary Reinl, a former personal trainer and the developer of an electronic stimulation device, in which he argues that
ice delays healing
from a sports injury, quoting no
less an authority than Dr. Gabe Mirkin, who, it says, is credited with developing the rehabilitation acronym RICE (rest,
ice, compression, and elevation), as now being against the practice because, he claims,
icing «decreases circulation, so it slows healing.»
Now, I'll give the readers here credit for catching the part where they flashed up on the screen a nice graphic stating that you COULD put an extra
ice pack or two into the lunch and probably «decrease the risk,» but I think talking about how not even an
ice pack, or refrigeration at many day cares, is enough to keep your child
from possibly coming down with foodborne illness could be enough to make some
less conscious parents throw up their hands in disgust and say «I give up.»
Our first project was the
Ice Cube Experiment
from Mess for
Less.
Scientists first thought this water was melting
from surface
ice, but that interpretation is
less likely for the slopes near the equator, where the surface is probably too warm for
ice.
For example, Kangerdlugssuaq glacier has lost mass
from melting and, in its thinner form, has
less weight to speed the flow of its
ice toward the sea.
As the Arctic summers are getting warmer we may see an acceleration of global warming, because reduced sea
ice in the Arctic will remove
less CO2
from the atmosphere, Danish scientists report.
Today both poles are getting warmer; in Greenland and Antarctica you can see the surface of the
ice dropping, and you can see there's
less mass when you measure the
ice from space.
Intriguingly, that means water could potentially reach the surface
from a deep crater, where there was
less ice to get through — perhaps even
from a crater like the one where Dawn saw the bright spot.
Whereas Pluto's putative ocean could in principle support life, it is probably locked beneath perhaps 200 kilometers of
ice and very far
from Earth, making it a much
less appealing target for astrobiological studies than other, closer subsurface oceans known to exist in the solar system, such as those within the icy moons circling Jupiter and Saturn.
The code also exempts some ships
from strengthening their hulls if they are operating in waters with shallow
ice that is about a foot deep or
less.
And at high global latitudes, cold lakes normally covered by
ice in the winter are seeing
less ice year after year — a change that could affect all parts of the food web,
from algae to freshwater seals.
And it is clear that the main rings are very thin —
less than 1 kilometre
from one side to the other — and consist mainly of chunks of water
ice typically 1 centimetre to 5 metres across,...
Conversely, when there is
less Arctic sea
ice, the ocean absorbs more heat
from the sun, adding to global warming.
In another experiment, university students who were primed to feel anxious about future employment prospects removed their hand
from an
ice bucket more quickly (showing
less pain tolerance) than those who were not.
Less than a year after the first research flight kicked off NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland campaign, data
from the new program are providing a dramatic increase in knowledge of how Greenland's
ice sheet is melting
from below.
Then at peak demand times, the
ice or cold water is used to cool air for large office or industrial buildings, meaning they need much
less power
from the grid.
Another positive feedback of global warming is the albedo effect:
less white summer
ice means more dark open water, which absorbs more heat
from the sun.
The argument is that the increased separation of the Antarctic land mass
from South America led to the creation of the powerful Antarctic Circumpolar Current which acted as a kind of water barrier and effectively blocked the warmer,
less salty waters
from the North Atlantic and Central Pacific
from moving southwards towards the Antarctic land mass leading to the isolation of the Antarctic land mass and lowered temperatures which allowed the
ice sheets to form.
Of course, our study looks back in time and the future will be a very different place in terms of
ice sheets and CO2 but it remains to be seen whether or not Earth's climate becomes more or
less stable as we move forward
from here.»
Water that collects in valleys underneath the
ice sheet, in the Gamburtsev Mountains, refreezes when it passes under thinner parts of the
ice sheet that are
less insulated
from cool surface temperatures.
The whiter the
ice, the more reflective it is, and the
less heat it absorbs
from the sun.
First of all,
less sea
ice is forming in the region, and secondly, oceanographic recordings
from the continental shelf break confirm that the warm water masses are already moving closer and closer to the
ice shelf in pulses,» says Dr Hartmut Hellmer, an oceanographer at the AWI and first author of the study.
Further melting could cause more multiyear
ice from the Arctic Ocean to drift into the NWP, making it
less, not more passable.
In the same issue of the journal Science, other scientists reported on research
from the opposite end of the world, observing that water around the south pole has become
less salty, owing to the melting of the West Antarctic
ice sheet.
A report
from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year found that between 1993 and 2010, the Greenland
ice sheet contributed
less than 10 percent to global sea - level rise.
Ms Lee said Antarctic
ice - free areas cover
less than one per cent of the continent, ranging
from the size of a football pitch to the size of a small Pacific Island.
MPL, launched in 1998, was to have landed
less than 600 miles (1,000 kilometers)
from the planet's south pole to collect soil and
ice samples for analysis and to gauge meteorological conditions.
Materials known to exist at Pluto's surface
from ground - based spectroscopic observations include highly volatile cryogenic
ices of N2 and CO, along with somewhat
less volatile CH4
ice, as well as H2O and C2H6
ices and more complex tholins that are inert at Pluto surface temperatures.
Aside
from changes in how belugas dove for food, the nearly two decades of data show that the whales were able to thrive in their summer and fall ocean habitats, despite
less ice cover.
Much
less is known about native
ices in this group than in the long - haul comets
from the Oort Cloud.
Because the blown - away material is primarily
ice, this means that some large Kuiper belt objects could have been built
from a small number of really big collisions among increasingly
ice - depleted bodies, while others might have been formed
from smaller,
less powerful collisions that allowed more
ice to remain.
The warming of the WAIS is most worrisome (at least for this century) because it's going to disintegrate long before the East Antarctic
Ice Sheet does «'' since WAIS appears to be melting
from underneath (i.e. the water is warming, too), and since, as I wrote in the «high water» part of my book, the WAIS is inherently
less stable:
If these polar continents lose a mile or more of
ice from their land surface, there will be
less mass, and so some of the water now attracted to those polar land masses will dissipate, and go elsewhere.
But
less than one percent of the gene sequences in the lake
ice came
from these sources.
Further information comes
from proxies (
ice cores, tree rings,...), which give (
less exact) information about temperature and some of the primary actors of the past.
The global mean temperature rise of
less than 1 degree C in the past century does not seem like much, but it is associated with a winter temperature rise of 3 to 4 degrees C over most of the Arctic in the past 20 years, unprecedented loss of
ice from all the tropical glaciers, a decrease of 15 to 20 % in late summer sea
ice extent, rising sealevel, and a host of other measured signs of anomalous and rapid climate change.
Periods of volcanism can cool the climate (as with the 1991 Pinatubo eruption), methane emissions
from increased biological activity can warm the climate, and slight changes in solar output and orbital variations can all have climate effects which are much shorter in duration than the
ice age cycles, ranging
from less than a decade to a thousand years in duration (the Younger Dryas).
The findings also show that the loss of
ice from calving has remained more or
less constant through the 20th century, says Dr Ruth Mottram, a climate scientist at the Danish Meteorological Institute who wasn't involved in the study.
Beckwith also tells us about the new book by long - time
ice expert (formerly
from Cambridge no
less) Dr. Peter Wadhams.