Sentences with phrase «from microwave measurements»

However, the precise design of their instruments differed, as did the mathematical analyses used to calculate salinity from microwave measurements.

Moncet, J. F. Galantowicz, and J. D. Hegarty, 2003: Retrieval of water vapor over land surfaces from microwave measurements.

Not exact matches

Using the cosmic microwave background, cosmologists find a slower expansion rate than they do from measurements of supernovas.

And measurements of cosmological parameters — the fraction of dark energy and matter, for example — are generally consistent, whether they are made using the light from galaxies or the cosmic microwave background.

In 2000, the observation moved beyond a reasonable doubt, thanks to measurements of microwave radiation that rippled out from the original Big Bang.

Measurements of the afterglow from the Big Bang by NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the European Space Agency's Planck satellite mission yield predictions for the Hubble constant that are 5 percent and 9 percent smaller, respectively.

FIFTY years ago, on 20 May 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson of the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey, recorded their first astronomical measurements of microwave radiation from the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A.

Results from a clinical study demonstrates that microwave measurements can be used for a rapid detection of intracranial bleeding in traumatic brain injuries.

There were even some hints of such «anisotropy» in the early 2000s, when measurements from NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) spacecraft suggested that some subtle undulations in the motley CMB appeared to line up along a so - called «axis of evil» — which most researchers discount as a statistical fluke.

Chlorine amounts are estimated using NOAA and NASA ground measurements and observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard NASA's Aura satellite.

In 2007 researchers saw hints of that pattern in preliminary measurements from NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP).

From the exact measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with the Planck space observatory and many other measurements for example with the Hubble space telescope, the scientists were able to develop a precise model of our Universe.

Measurements of Jovian gravity suggest that Jupiter's core is large and diffuse, and microwave views show that ammonia wells up to the cloud tops from deep in the atmosphere (SN: 6/24/17, p. 14).

Such a comb can form a bridge spanning the huge frequency gap from microwaves to visible light: very precise microwave measurements can, with an optical comb, produce equally exact data about light.

An accurate measurement of the EBL is as fundamental to cosmology as measuring the heat radiation left over from the Big Bang (the cosmic microwave background) at radio wavelengths.

The team then examined a data set of passive microwave measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program.

Previously, the most precise test of cosmological models came from measurements with the European Space Agency's Planck satellite of what is known as the cosmic microwave background (CMB)-- a faint glow in the sky emitted 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

KIPAC faculty member Risa Wechsler, a founding member of DES, said, «For the first time, the precision of key cosmological parameters coming out of a galaxy survey is comparable to the ones derived from measurements of the cosmic microwave background.

«If you really believe our number — and we have shed blood, sweat and tears to get our measurement right and to accurately understand the uncertainties — then it leads to the conclusion that there is a problem with predictions based on measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation, the leftover glow from the Big Bang,» said Alex Filippenko, a UC Berkeley professor of astronomy and co-author of a paper announcing the discovery.

While there remain disparities among different tropospheric temperature trends estimated from satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU and advanced MSU) measurements since 1979, and all likely still contain residual errors, estimates have been substantially improved (and data set differences reduced) through adjustments for issues of changing satellites, orbit decay and drift in local crossing time (i.e., diurnal cycle effects).

Researchers also relied on precise, space - based measurements of the cosmic microwave background, or CMB, which is the nearly uniform remnant signal from the first light of the universe.

In addition to the microwave measurement, this device enables transforming quantum information from one frequency to another while simultaneously amplifying it.

``... The MSUs are cross-track scanners with measurements of microwave radiance in four channels ranging from 50.3 to 57.95 GHz on the lower shoulder of the Oxygen absorption band.

(1) In addition to the data of the near - surface temperatures, which are composed of measurements from weather stations and sea surface temperatures, there is also the microwave data from satellites, which can be used to estimate air temperatures in the troposphere in a few kilometers altitude.

While there remain disparities among different tropospheric temperature trends estimated from satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU and advanced MSU) measurements since 1979, and all likely still contain residual errors, estimates have been substantially improved (and data set differences reduced) through adjustments for issues of changing satellites, orbit decay and drift in local crossing time (i.e., diurnal cycle effects).

This study investigates the variability of convective and stratiform rainfall from 8 yr (1998â $ «2005) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) measurements, focusing on seasonal diurnal variability.

Kongoli, C., et al. (2003), A new snowfall detection algorithm over land using measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), Geophys.

This new product, however, exploits direct broadcast (DB) capability from several satellites in low Earth orbit that make microwave measurements over the continental United States and Alaska.

Overleaf, a tropical cyclone has been selected to illustrate the capabilities of the measurements coming from these different microwave instruments.

• the factors that contribute to uncertainties in the trends inferred from three categories of instrumental measurements — Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) carried aboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites, radiosondes, and surface observations;

The researchers compared the GNSS - R satellite measurements with data from other sources, including tropical cyclone best track data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Information; two climate reanalysis products; and a spaceborne scatterometer, a tool that uses microwave radar to measure winds near the surface of the ocean.

The Microwave Radiometer - High Frequency (MWRHF) provides time - series measurements of brightness temperatures from two channels centered at 90 and 150 GHz.

Except when satellites are inferring temperature from microwave sounding units, in which case the fixed locations on the surface taking direct measurements with thermometers have had their real data manipulated to achieve a desired result.

From an oceanographic perspective, there is a need for vector wind measurements, and many participants noted that surface vector winds from passive microwave did not fulfill the need for climate - quality surface vector winds and for observation of extreme weather eveFrom an oceanographic perspective, there is a need for vector wind measurements, and many participants noted that surface vector winds from passive microwave did not fulfill the need for climate - quality surface vector winds and for observation of extreme weather evefrom passive microwave did not fulfill the need for climate - quality surface vector winds and for observation of extreme weather events.

Lin, B., B. Wielicki, P. Minnis, and W. Rossow, 1998: Estimation of water cloud properties from satellite microwave, infrared and visible measurements in oceanic environments: 1.

From the beginning, there were serious concerns within the scientific community (both research and operational) about the viability of passive microwave measurements of ocean surface vector winds, especially in storms and in other areas of rain and large amounts of cloud liquid water.

QuikSCAT measurements are also limited to a spatial resolution of 12.5 km and are not routinely made closer than about 30 km from land.26 Many in the microwave breakout group argued that high priority should be given to a sustained, more capable, next - generation scatterometer program that can meet these requirements while at the same time continuing the ocean surface vector winds CDR established by QuikSCAT.

With respect to ongoing research, I wonder if a series of high - resolution measurements in the 53 - 57 GHz band from an airborne microwave spectrometer (vertical looking up, vertical looking down and horizontal) under measured conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity might allow improved deconvolution of the satellite data.

«Satellites are not a thermometer in space, they're not making direct measurements of atmospheric temperature, they're measuring the microwave emissions from oxygen molecules,» Santer said.

I wanted to know what the measurement is from the bottom of your cabinet to the bottom of the microwave.