The neurons send their signals to the brain's olfactory bulb, where each of thousands of little clusters of neurons called glomeruli receives input
from olfactory neurons with just one receptor type.
Not exact matches
Another risk stems
from the fact that our
olfactory receptor
neurons dangle down into our nostrils, leaving them exposed to damage
from environmental toxins and infections.
By tapping existing compounds known to block one class of
olfactory neurons, scientists might be able to better camouflage humans
from mosquito detection or draw mosquitoes away
from humans with chemical bait.
Toxicants like solvents, pesticides or volatile molecules
from oil spills can travel straight into the brain via the
olfactory receptors — nasal
neurons that number in the many millions, thickly studding the inner lining of the nose.
The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called
olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell - sensing
neurons and guide them
from the
olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system.
This visual abstract depicts the discovery that chemosensory receptors in a subset of mammalian
olfactory sensing
neurons are structurally distinct
from GPCRs, and multiple subtypes are expressed per
neuron, implying an unexpected mechanism for
olfactory detection and decoding.
Now, using a novel PET radiotracer called Neuroflux, a team of researchers
from the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease has found a way to quantify
olfactory sensory
neurons and thus improve measurements of
olfactory health.
Kenyon cells make up only about 4 % of the entire fly brain and are extremely sensitive to inputs triggered by odors, in which only two connections between
neurons, called synapses, separate them
from the receptor cells at the «front end» of the
olfactory system.
Research conducted by Dr Bill Dew at the University of Lethbridge in Canada looked for the first time at the effect of the metal contaminants nickel and copper on specific fish
olfactory sensory
neurons, and how these affect the fish's ability to detect and swim away
from an odour released by other fish of the same species (conspecifics) when a predator attack takes place.
Paying attention to the fact that each
olfactory sensory
neuron (OSN) expresses an OR, Shun «ichi Kuroda, Professor and Nobuo Yoshimoto, Specially Appointed Associate Professor at the Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University in cooperation with Masato Suzuki, Chief Researcher, Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation made a system in which OSNs
from mice were applied to a microchamber array on a microscope slide and fluorescence was yielded when ORs responded to odorants.
The team was able to view the responses of tens of
neurons at a time to signals arriving in the
olfactory bulb
from the mouse's odor detectors, called
olfactory sensory
neurons, located in the nose.
They then tracked
neurons as they migrated
from region to region of the brain and found that new
neurons oriented in the direction of fluid flow rather than the direction of their ultimate destination in the
olfactory bulb.
Each odor - detecting
neuron (referred to as
olfactory sensory
neuron from here on), chooses a single odorant receptor gene
from a fairly large number of options that are split into class I (fish - like) and class II (terrestrial - specific) odorant receptors.
The benefits of using
olfactory receptor
neuron samples to study psychiatric disorders and patient responsiveness include their similarity to brain
neurons, the relatively easy biopsy procedure, and the potential for scientists to sample and compare cells
from the same patients throughout several different stages of disease.
In rats,
olfactory bulb
neurons use simple «linear summation'to make sense of fluctuating odor inputs
from the surrounding environment...
The mouse
olfactory sensory
neuron (OSN) repertoire is composed of 10 million cells and each expresses one
olfactory receptor (OR) gene
from a pool of over 1000.