Despite differences in brain size, the researchers found striking similarities between primate species of gene expression in 16 regions of the brain — even in the prefrontal cortex, the seat of higher order learning that most distinguishes
humans from other apes.
We sacrificed strength for endurance after our
split from other apes, but it turns out our muscles are only a third weaker than those of our ape cousins
Then he suggested that many of the unique characteristics of humans and their ancestors, marking them out as
different from the other apes, could be explained as adaptations to spending time in water.
Before he was universally known for his theory of natural selection, the young naturalist made a decision that has long been hailed as the type of behavior that fundamentally separates
humans from other apes.
These findings hint that our powerful urge to imitate even nonsensical gestures may be one of the things that separate humans
from other apes.
Analogical ability — the ability to see common relations between objects, events or ideas — is a key skill that underlies human intelligence and differentiates humans
from other apes.
Should the idea pan out, there will nevertheless remain a niggling question for any of us enjoying the kind of jovial family meal that seems to emphasise the traits that distinguish
us from other apes.