Sentences with phrase «from other tax benefits»

Current tax benefits — The income you report at the time of conversion could push you into a higher tax bracket, excluding you from other tax benefits, such as child and higher education tax credits.

Not exact matches

Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, without limitation: (1) the effect of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including financial market conditions, fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, levels of end market demand in construction and in both the commercial and defense segments of the aerospace industry, levels of air travel, financial condition of commercial airlines, the impact of weather conditions and natural disasters and the financial condition of our customers and suppliers; (2) challenges in the development, production, delivery, support, performance and realization of the anticipated benefits of advanced technologies and new products and services; (3) the scope, nature, impact or timing of acquisition and divestiture or restructuring activity, including the pending acquisition of Rockwell Collins, including among other things integration of acquired businesses into United Technologies» existing businesses and realization of synergies and opportunities for growth and innovation; (4) future timing and levels of indebtedness, including indebtedness expected to be incurred by United Technologies in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition, and capital spending and research and development spending, including in connection with the pending Rockwell Collins acquisition; (5) future availability of credit and factors that may affect such availability, including credit market conditions and our capital structure; (6) the timing and scope of future repurchases of United Technologies» common stock, which may be suspended at any time due to various factors, including market conditions and the level of other investing activities and uses of cash, including in connection with the proposed acquisition of Rockwell; (7) delays and disruption in delivery of materials and services from suppliers; (8) company and customer - directed cost reduction efforts and restructuring costs and savings and other consequences thereof; (9) new business and investment opportunities; (10) our ability to realize the intended benefits of organizational changes; (11) the anticipated benefits of diversification and balance of operations across product lines, regions and industries; (12) the outcome of legal proceedings, investigations and other contingencies; (13) pension plan assumptions and future contributions; (14) the impact of the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements and labor disputes; (15) the effect of changes in political conditions in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate, including the effect of changes in U.S. trade policies or the U.K.'s pending withdrawal from the EU, on general market conditions, global trade policies and currency exchange rates in the near term and beyond; (16) the effect of changes in tax (including U.S. tax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, which is commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017), environmental, regulatory (including among other things import / export) and other laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate; (17) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins to receive the required regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the merger) and to satisfy the other conditions to the closing of the pending acquisition on a timely basis or at all; (18) the occurrence of events that may give rise to a right of one or both of United Technologies or Rockwell Collins to terminate the merger agreement, including in circumstances that might require Rockwell Collins to pay a termination fee of $ 695 million to United Technologies or $ 50 million of expense reimbursement; (19) negative effects of the announcement or the completion of the merger on the market price of United Technologies» and / or Rockwell Collins» common stock and / or on their respective financial performance; (20) risks related to Rockwell Collins and United Technologies being restricted in their operation of their businesses while the merger agreement is in effect; (21) risks relating to the value of the United Technologies» shares to be issued in connection with the pending Rockwell acquisition, significant merger costs and / or unknown liabilities; (22) risks associated with third party contracts containing consent and / or other provisions that may be triggered by the Rockwell merger agreement; (23) risks associated with merger - related litigation or appraisal proceedings; and (24) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins, or the combined company, to retain and hire key personntax (including U.S. tax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, which is commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017), environmental, regulatory (including among other things import / export) and other laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate; (17) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins to receive the required regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the merger) and to satisfy the other conditions to the closing of the pending acquisition on a timely basis or at all; (18) the occurrence of events that may give rise to a right of one or both of United Technologies or Rockwell Collins to terminate the merger agreement, including in circumstances that might require Rockwell Collins to pay a termination fee of $ 695 million to United Technologies or $ 50 million of expense reimbursement; (19) negative effects of the announcement or the completion of the merger on the market price of United Technologies» and / or Rockwell Collins» common stock and / or on their respective financial performance; (20) risks related to Rockwell Collins and United Technologies being restricted in their operation of their businesses while the merger agreement is in effect; (21) risks relating to the value of the United Technologies» shares to be issued in connection with the pending Rockwell acquisition, significant merger costs and / or unknown liabilities; (22) risks associated with third party contracts containing consent and / or other provisions that may be triggered by the Rockwell merger agreement; (23) risks associated with merger - related litigation or appraisal proceedings; and (24) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins, or the combined company, to retain and hire key personntax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, which is commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017), environmental, regulatory (including among other things import / export) and other laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate; (17) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins to receive the required regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the merger) and to satisfy the other conditions to the closing of the pending acquisition on a timely basis or at all; (18) the occurrence of events that may give rise to a right of one or both of United Technologies or Rockwell Collins to terminate the merger agreement, including in circumstances that might require Rockwell Collins to pay a termination fee of $ 695 million to United Technologies or $ 50 million of expense reimbursement; (19) negative effects of the announcement or the completion of the merger on the market price of United Technologies» and / or Rockwell Collins» common stock and / or on their respective financial performance; (20) risks related to Rockwell Collins and United Technologies being restricted in their operation of their businesses while the merger agreement is in effect; (21) risks relating to the value of the United Technologies» shares to be issued in connection with the pending Rockwell acquisition, significant merger costs and / or unknown liabilities; (22) risks associated with third party contracts containing consent and / or other provisions that may be triggered by the Rockwell merger agreement; (23) risks associated with merger - related litigation or appraisal proceedings; and (24) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins, or the combined company, to retain and hire key personnTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017), environmental, regulatory (including among other things import / export) and other laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which United Technologies and Rockwell Collins operate; (17) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins to receive the required regulatory approvals (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the merger) and to satisfy the other conditions to the closing of the pending acquisition on a timely basis or at all; (18) the occurrence of events that may give rise to a right of one or both of United Technologies or Rockwell Collins to terminate the merger agreement, including in circumstances that might require Rockwell Collins to pay a termination fee of $ 695 million to United Technologies or $ 50 million of expense reimbursement; (19) negative effects of the announcement or the completion of the merger on the market price of United Technologies» and / or Rockwell Collins» common stock and / or on their respective financial performance; (20) risks related to Rockwell Collins and United Technologies being restricted in their operation of their businesses while the merger agreement is in effect; (21) risks relating to the value of the United Technologies» shares to be issued in connection with the pending Rockwell acquisition, significant merger costs and / or unknown liabilities; (22) risks associated with third party contracts containing consent and / or other provisions that may be triggered by the Rockwell merger agreement; (23) risks associated with merger - related litigation or appraisal proceedings; and (24) the ability of United Technologies and Rockwell Collins, or the combined company, to retain and hire key personnel.

«Many of the corporations in our sample also benefit significantly from other loopholes, most notably the domestic manufacturing tax deduction and bonus depreciation, a handy tax provision that lets companies immediately deduct half of the cost of new long - term investment,» the ISP report noted.

Just as with any other traditional IRA, contributions are tax deductible and investments benefit from tax - deferred growth until withdrawal.

Excluding the tax benefit and other one - time items, its adjusted profit increased marginally to $ 304 million or 54 cents per share, up from $ 303 million or 53 cents per share in last year's third quarter.

Wealthy Americans, including President Donald Trump, stand to benefit handsomely from the tax plan, thanks to proposals to eliminate the estate tax and the alternative minimum tax, among others.

These risks and uncertainties include competition and other economic conditions including fragmentation of the media landscape and competition from other media alternatives; changes in advertising demand, circulation levels and audience shares; the Company's ability to develop and grow its online businesses; the Company's reliance on revenue from printing and distributing third - party publications; changes in newsprint prices; macroeconomic trends and conditions; the Company's ability to adapt to technological changes; the Company's ability to realize benefits or synergies from acquisitions or divestitures or to operate its businesses effectively following acquisitions or divestitures; the Company's success in implementing expense mitigation efforts; the Company's reliance on third - party vendors for various services; adverse results from litigation, governmental investigations or tax - related proceedings or audits; the Company's ability to attract and retain employees; the Company's ability to satisfy pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations; changes in accounting standards; the effect of labor strikes, lockouts and labor negotiations; regulatory and judicial rulings; the Company's indebtedness and ability to comply with debt covenants applicable to its debt facilities; the Company's ability to satisfy future capital and liquidity requirements; the Company's ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on acceptable terms; and other events beyond the Company's control that may result in unexpected adverse operating results.

Also, please note that during this call and in the accompanying slides and press release, net sales, gross profit, gross margin, SG&A, SG&A margin, operating income / loss, other expense / income, net income / loss before provision benefit for income taxes, provision benefit for income taxes, income / loss from continuing operations and EPS are presented on both a GAAP and a non-GAAP adjusted basis.

Those who benefit handsomely from the tax deductions offered to homeowners include people with large mortgages; high property taxes or state income taxes, or other significant itemized deductions.

In addition, we believe it is useful to exclude interest income and expense, other income and expense, and provision or benefit from income taxes, as these items are not components of our core business operations.

Investors focused on big tech and other sectors expected to benefit from tax reform and deregulatory legislation.

Program expenses were lowered by $ 5.4 billion in that Update, with all three major components contributing to the decline: major transfers to persons down $ 1.8 billion, primarily due to lower employment insurance benefits; major transfers to other levels of government, down $ 1.4 billion, primarily reflecting the recovery of the sales tax harmonization transitional payment from British Columbia; and direct program expenses, down $ 2.2 billion, due to lower other transfers.

Important factors that may affect the Company's business and operations and that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward - looking statements include, but are not limited to, increased competition; the Company's ability to maintain, extend and expand its reputation and brand image; the Company's ability to differentiate its products from other brands; the consolidation of retail customers; the Company's ability to predict, identify and interpret changes in consumer preferences and demand; the Company's ability to drive revenue growth in its key product categories, increase its market share, or add products; an impairment of the carrying value of goodwill or other indefinite - lived intangible assets; volatility in commodity, energy and other input costs; changes in the Company's management team or other key personnel; the Company's inability to realize the anticipated benefits from the Company's cost savings initiatives; changes in relationships with significant customers and suppliers; execution of the Company's international expansion strategy; changes in laws and regulations; legal claims or other regulatory enforcement actions; product recalls or product liability claims; unanticipated business disruptions; failure to successfully integrate the Company; the Company's ability to complete or realize the benefits from potential and completed acquisitions, alliances, divestitures or joint ventures; economic and political conditions in the nations in which the Company operates; the volatility of capital markets; increased pension, labor and people - related expenses; volatility in the market value of all or a portion of the derivatives that the Company uses; exchange rate fluctuations; disruptions in information technology networks and systems; the Company's inability to protect intellectual property rights; impacts of natural events in the locations in which the Company or its customers, suppliers or regulators operate; the Company's indebtedness and ability to pay such indebtedness; the Company's dividend payments on its Series A Preferred Stock; tax law changes or interpretations; pricing actions; and other factors.

These other businesses will benefit from the updated pass - through deductions included in the new tax laws.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward - looking statements include, but are not limited to: changes in consumer discretionary spending; our eCommerce platform not producing the anticipated benefits within the expected time - frame or at all; the streamlining of the Company's vendor base and execution of the Company's new merchandising strategy not producing the anticipated benefits within the expected time - frame or at all; the amount that we invest in strategic transactions and the timing and success of those investments; the integration of strategic acquisitions being more difficult, time - consuming, or costly than expected; inventory turn; changes in the competitive market and competition amongst retailers; changes in consumer demand or shopping patterns and our ability to identify new trends and have the right trending products in our stores and on our website; changes in existing tax, labor and other laws and regulations, including those changing tax rates and imposing new taxes and surcharges; limitations on the availability of attractive retail store sites; omni - channel growth; unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential customer information; risks relating to our private brand offerings and new retail concepts; disruptions with our eCommerce platform, including issues caused by high volumes of users or transactions, or our information systems; factors affecting our vendors, including supply chain and currency risks; talent needs and the loss of Edward W. Stack, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; developments with sports leagues, professional athletes or sports superstars; weather - related disruptions and seasonality of our business; and risks associated with being a controlled company.

Doing that, we would've noticed the tax discrepancy in a matter of months, instead of years, and benefited from the many other upsides of budgeting as well.

Important factors that may affect the Company's business and operations and that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward - looking statements include, but are not limited to, operating in a highly competitive industry; changes in the retail landscape or the loss of key retail customers; the Company's ability to maintain, extend and expand its reputation and brand image; the impacts of the Company's international operations; the Company's ability to leverage its brand value; the Company's ability to predict, identify and interpret changes in consumer preferences and demand; the Company's ability to drive revenue growth in its key product categories, increase its market share, or add products; an impairment of the carrying value of goodwill or other indefinite - lived intangible assets; volatility in commodity, energy and other input costs; changes in the Company's management team or other key personnel; the Company's ability to realize the anticipated benefits from its cost savings initiatives; changes in relationships with significant customers and suppliers; the execution of the Company's international expansion strategy; tax law changes or interpretations; legal claims or other regulatory enforcement actions; product recalls or product liability claims; unanticipated business disruptions; the Company's ability to complete or realize the benefits from potential and completed acquisitions, alliances, divestitures or joint ventures; economic and political conditions in the United States and in various other nations in which we operate; the volatility of capital markets; increased pension, labor and people - related expenses; volatility in the market value of all or a portion of the derivatives we use; exchange rate fluctuations; risks associated with information technology and systems, including service interruptions, misappropriation of data or breaches of security; the Company's ability to protect intellectual property rights; impacts of natural events in the locations in which we or the Company's customers, suppliers or regulators operate; the Company's indebtedness and ability to pay such indebtedness; the Company's ownership structure; the impact of future sales of its common stock in the public markets; the Company's ability to continue to pay a regular dividend; changes in laws and regulations; restatements of the Company's consolidated financial statements; and other factors.

Important factors that may affect the Company's business and operations and that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward - looking statements include, but are not limited to, increased competition; the Company's ability to maintain, extend and expand its reputation and brand image; the Company's ability to differentiate its products from other brands; the consolidation of retail customers; the Company's ability to predict, identify and interpret changes in consumer preferences and demand; the Company's ability to drive revenue growth in its key product categories, increase its market share or add products; an impairment of the carrying value of goodwill or other indefinite - lived intangible assets; volatility in commodity, energy and other input costs; changes in the Company's management team or other key personnel; the Company's inability to realize the anticipated benefits from the Company's cost savings initiatives; changes in relationships with significant customers and suppliers; execution of the Company's international expansion strategy; changes in laws and regulations; legal claims or other regulatory enforcement actions; product recalls or product liability claims; unanticipated business disruptions; failure to successfully integrate the business and operations of the Company in the expected time frame; the Company's ability to complete or realize the benefits from potential and completed acquisitions, alliances, divestitures or joint ventures; economic and political conditions in the nations in which the Company operates; the volatility of capital markets; increased pension, labor and people - related expenses; volatility in the market value of all or a portion of the derivatives that the Company uses; exchange rate fluctuations; risks associated with information technology and systems, including service interruptions, misappropriation of data or breaches of security; the Company's inability to protect intellectual property rights; impacts of natural events in the locations in which the Company or its customers, suppliers or regulators operate; the Company's indebtedness and ability to pay such indebtedness; tax law changes or interpretations; and other factors.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income / (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, other expense / (income), net, provision for / (benefit from) income taxes; in addition to these adjustments, the Company excludes, when they occur, the impacts of depreciation and amortization (excluding integration and restructuring expenses)(including amortization of postretirement benefit plans prior service credits), integration and restructuring expenses, merger costs, unrealized losses / (gains) on commodity hedges, impairment losses, losses / (gains) on the sale of a business, nonmonetary currency devaluation (e.g., remeasurement gains and losses), and equity award compensation expense (excluding integration and restructuring expenses).

Upon closing of this offering, we will record $ million as an increase to the liabilities due to existing owners under certain of the TRAs, see «Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Balance Sheets,» and in the future we may record additional amounts as additional liabilities due to existing owners under the five TRAs, such amounts collectively representing our estimate of our requirement to pay approximately 85 % of the estimated realizable tax benefit resulting from (i) any existing tax attributes associated with interests in Desert Newco, LLC acquired in the Reorganization Transactions and the exchanges described above, the benefit of which is allocable to us as a result of the same, (ii) the increase in the tax basis of tangible and intangible assets of Desert Newco, LLC resulting from the exchanges as described above and (iii) certain other tax benefits related to entering into the TRAs, including tax benefits related to imputed interest and tax benefits attributable to payments under the

The amounts in the «All Other Compensation» column consist of certain benefits provided to our NEOs, which are generally available to our similarly situated employees, including, but not limited to, tax gross - ups related to company apparel and gifts from speaking events.

Critics warned that buybacks, deals, and other measures that benefit shareholders were a likely outcome from the tax bill and would take precedence over investments that boost the economy and workers.

If you've inherited an IRA from someone other than your spouse, you can benefit from keeping the assets in a tax - deferred account.

Working in the other direction, some business investment spending may have been deferred to the second half of the year to benefit from the more favourable tax treatment under the new system.

The improvement of $ 0.5 billion in the deficit primarily resulted from higher personal income tax revenues, up 8.5 %, and higher other revenues up 16.0 %, coupled with lower employment insurance benefits (down 7.2 %) and other transfers (down 11.6 %).

It also means setting up allowances for valuation against potential losses resulting from claims currently before the court, environment liabilities, employee future benefits, aboriginal land claims, concessions relating loans and loan guarantees, tax receivables and payables, among others.

But looking further out, as housing and other construction markets fully recover, we believe USG will be earning considerably more and producing substantial free cash flow as the company benefits from large tax assets that help to shelter earnings.

In fact, the final tax bill extends the pass - through deduction even to pass - throughs that aren't paying wages or creating jobs — in other words, wealthy real estate investors like Trump or Jared Kushner benefit from the new law.

A hybrid dividend is an amount received from a CFC for which a deduction would be allowed under this provision and for which the specified 10 % - owned foreign corporation received a deduction (or other tax benefit) from any income, war profits, and excess profits taxes imposed by a foreign country.

If the state makes the judgment of which institutions can benefit from vouchers, tax credits, and other measures, we end up with the governmentalizing of mediating institutions and the consequent destruction of what makes them so invaluable in the first place.

Among them are the rights to: bullet joint parenting; bullet joint adoption; bullet joint foster care, custody, and visitation (including non-biological parents); bullet status as next - of - kin for hospital visits and medical decisions where one partner is too ill to be competent; bullet joint insurance policies for home, auto and health; bullet dissolution and divorce protections such as community property and child support; bullet immigration and residency for partners from other countries; bullet inheritance automatically in the absence of a will; bullet joint leases with automatic renewal rights in the event one partner dies or leaves the house or apartment; bullet inheritance of jointly - owned real and personal property through the right of survivorship (which avoids the time and expense and taxes in probate); bullet benefits such as annuities, pension plans, Social Security, and Medicare; bullet spousal exemptions to property tax increases upon the death of one partner who is a co-owner of the home; bullet veterans» discounts on medical care, education, and home loans; joint filing of tax returns; bullet joint filing of customs claims when traveling; bullet wrongful death benefits for a surviving partner and children; bullet bereavement or sick leave to care for a partner or child; bullet decision - making power with respect to whether a deceased partner will be cremated or not and where to bury him or her; bullet crime victims» recovery benefits; bullet loss of consortium tort benefits; bullet domestic violence protection orders; bullet judicial protections and evidentiary immunity; bullet and more...

If you are 55 or under and hope to enjoy some of those benefits you have been paying into from your paychecks for the last 30 years, of which the Government has borrowed 5 trillion dollars for other spending such as defense and tax breaks for the rich, which is why the current social security system is in jeopardy, then you will be voting for Obama.

Noone want to force churches to marry gays, but it certainly seems like churches want to prevent gays from being able to obtain a legal CIVIL marriage that gives them the same benefits (taxes, survivorship, etc) as other people have.

Love, companionship, etc. is great, but it's not a reason for a tax break and all the other benefits you get from real marriage.

The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) used the case of Jayson and Charlotte Carmichael, who successfully challenged the bedroom tax at the Supreme Court, to prevent other people from relying on the Human Rights Act when appealing against benefits decisions at the first tier tribunal.

«You have to look at the overall effect of all of the changes if the standards, deductions are being increased, if there's other benefits from a simplification of taxes, if the alternative minimum tax is changed,» he said.

GlobalFoundries, which has racked up Empire Zone tax benefits estimated at up to $ 586 million (in addition to a $ 665 million cash grant from the state and other perks) built a multibillion - dollar chip fab in Saratoga County that now employs more than 3,000 people.

Joining the fight Wednesday to protect 250 layoffs are House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi, Congressman Brian Higgins and other Democrats who say the company is violating its promise to create jobs while benefiting from GOP tax breaks.

Other state taxpayers - mainly businesses and income tax payers, including ones who wouldn't benefit from this new credit.

We have always found him to be very keen to engage with the CIOT and other professional bodies and to benefit from the experience that our members had in dealing with the tax system.

«This is to prevent people benefiting from tax relief in relation to contributions made into self - directed pension schemes for the purpose of funding purchases of holiday or second homes and other prohibited assets for their or their family's personal use.»

Over the years, Paladino has reaped millions of dollars in tax benefits from this and several other properties.

Leaders from the New York State Business Council and other groups told a Senate panel that the proposed wage hike would cost employers nearly $ 16 billion in added costs, far exceeding the benefit of any possible tax cut.

«If the standards and deductions are being increased, if there's other benefits from the simplifcation of taxes, if the alternate minimum tax changes and its not available anymore, it still may be a reduction in taxes,» said DeFrancisco, R - Syracuse.

Taxpayers will receive the same net benefit, but SOF spending growth appears lower.3 Other substantial changes include shifts in workers from payrolls in the general fund to those paid by capital funds, reclassifying the Sales Tax Asset Receivable Corporation (STARC) funds from a miscellaneous receipt to an offset against spending, and shifting expenses off - budget as shown in Table 3.

I'd say «total spending per capita» is much more useful, if you count spending through tax, health insurance, employer benefits, and employees» money, direct payments from your savings and any other way it is paid.

The blatant hypocrisy of these religious and quasi-religious organizations, that want to impose rules and laws on other industries they don't often want applied to themselves and who benefit from a number of labor law and tax «exclusions» is fully detailed in the excellent 5 part series «In God's Name» by Diana B. Henriques that ran in October of 2006 in the New York Times:

Leaders from the New York State Business Council and other groups told a Senate panel that the proposed statewide $ 15 - an - hour wage hike would cost employers nearly $ 16 billion in added costs, far exceeding the benefit of any possible tax cut.

«The reality is that migrants from other EU countries are very beneficial to the UK's economy, notably because they help to address skills shortages and pay more tax and social security contributions per head, and get fewer benefits, than UK workers; that free movement of workers is a key part of the EU's single market; that hundreds of thousands of UK nationals work in other EU countries.»

We are a separate corporate entity established with an appropriate level of separation from the Nation government, but we offer partners an array of tax efficiencies and other benefits based on the Nation's sovereign status, including federal tax immunity, state income tax exemption, federal capital gains tax exemption, state sales tax exemption and preferential debt financing and government contracting preferences, among others.