* Too few
boxes for too many cats («1
box per cat + 1» is the rule) * Ambushed by another cat in or around the
box * Inadequate sight lines (cats need to be able to see what's coming; don't put the
box in a dark corner, closet, or cramped nook) * Too much competition for a particular
box * Territorial stress (too many cats in a small space, new animals
recently introduced, threats
from outside cats, social changes) * Separation anxiety * Personality issues (timid, highly sensitive)