16S Ribosomal Gene enables us to classify and distinguish bacteria
from phylum up to sub-species level.
Using the new tools, Pollard's lab investigated a reported finding that obese people have a lower ratio of bacteria
from the phylum Bacteroidetes to bacteria
from the phylum Firmicutes compared with lean individuals.
«HIV - uninfected patients had much greater richness in their samples as well as a unique population that was primarily composed of bacteria
from the phylum Fermicutes,» Luevano says.
For example, there were fewer populations of Bacteroidetes and more
from the phyla Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia.
The general lack of representatives
from the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the male samples within this study also seems typical in comparison to other studies (Nelson et al., 2010; Dong et al., 2011).
Not exact matches
But what is even more certain, so that it becomes self - evident when we observe the revolutionary biological superiority of Thought over Instinct, is that if a given
Phylum X, shall we say, preceding the anthropoids, had succeeded in passing the barrier separating reflective consciousness
from direct consciousness, Man would never have come into existence: instead of him,
Phylum X would have woven and constituted the Noosphere.
The convergence of the
phyla both ensues
from, and of itself leads to, the coming together of individuals within the peculiarly «attaching» atmosphere created by the phenomenon of Reflexion.
The centers of consciousness, acquiring autonomy as they emerge into the sphere of reflection, tend to escape
from their own
phylum, which granulates into a line of individuals.
These arrow worms, which make up the
phylum Chaetognatha, snatch prey with Wolverine - like claws protruding
from around their mouths.
The new study, a collaborative effort by groups led by Professor Gert Wörheide (Chair of Paleontology and Geobiology at LMU) and Dr. Davide Pisani (Bristol University, UK) reaffirms the traditional view that the sponges were the first
phylum to diverge
from the common ancestor of metazoans.
All animal species are divided among roughly 30
phyla, but these
phyla differ dramatically in how many species they contain,
from a single species to more than 1.2 million in the case of insects and their kin.
«We tested all these unique traits individually,» Wiens explained, «for example, having a head, having eyes, where the species in a
phylum tend to live, whether they reproduce sexually or asexually, whether they undergo metamorphosis or not; and
from that we picked six traits that each had a strong effect on their own.
The researchers identified fungi
from two
phyla, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, as part of the normal fungal census at the 14 skin sites.
According to Strausfeld, confirmation of this shared ground pattern in the vertebrate hippocampus would suggest that it originated
from a very ancient common ancestor likely to have lived about 600 million years ago just before the Cambrian explosion, a relatively short period when most major animal
phyla emerged.
The team focused on two of these human microbes, Bacteroides intestinalis and Bacteroides ovatus, which belong to the same bacterial
phylum as Prevotella
from the cow.
Bob Holmes observes that signs of consciousness have been found in animals
from at least three different
phyla, suggesting it...
Less than 50 percent of
phyla — a category for a very broad group of related organisms — identified via amplicon sequencing were recovered
from shotgun sequencing, challenging the dogma that shotgun recovers more diversity than amplicon - based approaches.
Though no one has identified an actual cell yet, the new
phylum appears to mingle genes similar to those in modern eukaryotes and genes
from archaea, the sister group to bacteria.
Researchers discovered the new
phylum of microbes, dubbed Lokiarchaeota, by screening DNA
from sediment (SN: 5/30/15, p. 6).
With the availability of genome sequences
from representative species in whole
phyla, rigorous quantitative measurements of genetic distance based on DNA sequence divergence has been used to test existing evolutionary trees and to re-classify organisms in all kingdoms.
Candidate
phylum TM6 genome recovered
from a hospital sink biofilm provides genomic insights into this uncultivated
phylum.
Given that sexual reproduction is widespread among animals and sperm production appears to be present in all major
phyla of metazoan animals, it raised a question whether any male - biased reproductive gene could be exempt
from such selective pressure and remain conserved through extended evolutionary distances.
We chose two deuterostome species (chicken and sea urchin)
from separate
phyla and asked if Boule homologs are preferentially expressed in the testis or ovary.
However, we identified a Boule homolog in the sea anemone, a species
from the primitive Cnidaria
phylum.
Starting with the Boule RRM consensus sequence, we used Tblastn to search the genomes of species
from major
phyla representing the two clades of Bilaterians, deuterostomes and protostomes, for Boule homologs.
In the absence of EST or cDNA information, we then focused on a representative species
from the same
phylum whose genome had been completely sequenced.
Chemosynthetic symbioses evolved independently multiple times in at least nine animal
phyla and
from at least 12 lineages of free - living bacteria.
Additionally or alternatively, the set of features associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis can be derived
from one or more of the following taxa: Oscillospiraceae (family), Oscillibacter (genus), Flavonifractor plautii (species), Flavonifractor (genus), Anaerotruncus (genus), Peptococcaceae (family), bacterium NLAE - z1 - P827 (species), Alistipes shahii (genus), Chlamydiae / Verrucomicrobia group (superphylum), Verrucomicrobia (
phylum), Verrucomicrobiae (class), Verrucomicrobiales (order), Verrucomicrobiaceae (family), Parabacteroides merdae (species), delta / epsilon subdivisions (subphylum), Acidobacteriia (class), Prevotellaceae (family), and Prevotella (genus).
In the first variation, a set of features useful for diagnostics associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis includes features derived
from one or more of the following taxa: Moryella (genus), Oscillospira (genus), Lactobacillus (genus), Lactobacillaceae (family), Oscillospiraceae (family), Actinobacteria (class), and Actinobacteria (
phylum).
This lesson's key points are not «accurately and appropriately derived
from the objective» because they only relate to the first objective, «SWBAT identify, list, compare, and contrast the characteristics of the
phylum Chordata, Subphylum, and Vertebrata (Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles)» and not the second, «SWBAT explain the evolutionary process
from Chordata to Subphylum to Vertebrata.»
Similar to other animals in its Comb Jelly
phylum, two stinging tentacles protrude
from each mound of the «bra».
Mar operates a machinic
phylum in which order emerges unexpectedly
from chaos as a result of its nonlinear dynamics.
The
phylum name Cycliophora is derived
from Greek roots meaning «wheel bearing», referring to the circular mouth ring.
Phylogenetic position of
phylum Nemertini, inferred
from 18s rRNA sequences: Molecular data as a test of morphological character homology.
While generally not as inflammatory as the stuff found at PopSci, the legal blogosphere is hardly immune
from, «shrill, boorish, specimens of the lower internet
phyla.»