The sinking is mainly driven by the saltiness of the water, which is affected by
evaporation of fresh water
from the surface or, particularly in the Arctic, freezing
seawater which leaves salt behind in the water beneath the ice.
The open cycle consists of the following steps: (i) flash
evaporation of a fraction of the warm
seawater by reduction of pressure below the saturation value corresponding to its temperature (ii) expansion of the vapor through a turbine to generate power; (iii) heat transfer to the cold
seawater thermal sink resulting in condensation of the working fluid; and (iv) compression of the non-condensable gases (air released
from the
seawater streams at the low operating pressure) to pressures required to discharge them
from the system.