Sentences with phrase «from small gene»

There is an abundance of issues that stem straight from the small gene pools that human beings have manipulated in dogs; 60 percent of golden retrievers will die of cancer before they turn eight.

Not exact matches

Gene therapy has the potential to save lives, but the pool of people who suffer from the orphan diseases, or conditions that pharmaceutical companies have historically ignored, is relatively small.

The Chiesi fund will consider a wide range of opportunities, from traditional small molecules and biologics, to gene therapies and cell therapies, to diagnostic and disease management technologies.

Suppose it could be shown from past letters that my father met my mother because he missed his train, and so caught the one on which he found this beautiful young woman sitting; suppose, further, that a super-computer could show that some of my genes can be traced back to a small creature scrabbling about in the Triassic mud.

And thd gods closed their games: But keep in mind there are gods of doping from using small doses of, believe it or not, strycnine (Smithsonian's review of Olympic doping) to the latest, gene manipulation.

This is nature in action and a small part of the inevitable process that will remove religiousness from the gene pool.

Even if Noah impregnated all of them at once, or his sons did their respective wives, and then they all repeated the process 14 years later (give or take) when the 1st offspring became fertile, how could different races with distinct physiological adaptation arise from such a small, virtually identical gene pool 4,000 years ago?

They discovered an orchestrated switching on and off of various genes as the mammary gland transitions from secreting small amounts of immunity - boosting colostrum in the first days after giving birth to the copious production of milk in mature lactation.

The overexpression of an important gene that regulates energy metabolism can cause a severe shortening of lifespan in male fruit flies but has only a small negative effect on lifespans of female fruit flies, according to new research from North Carolina State University.

This pattern of disease susceptibility suggests that Finns ancestral gene pool was small and was cut off early on from the rest of Europes.

We could get radiation - resistance genes, for example, from the Bdelloid rotifer, a class of small invertebrates that live in freshwater pools and survive megadoses of ionizing radiation.

Using computational analytical skills learned from Gibbs, Ding discovered a small gene in the virus other scientists had overlooked.

In 2011, Science's editors will be watching a smaller detector at the Large Hadron Collider called LHCb, which will study B mesons in great detail; new techniques that should lead to the discovery of many more genes contributing to adaptation; an ignited fusion burn at the National Ignition Facility; broadly neutralizing antibodies, which are capable of disabling a wide range of viral variants; the first plug - in hybrid electric cars whose batteries are charged from a wall socket go on the market; and the results of the first phase III trial of a malaria vaccine.

L. lugubris also has a small gene pool: its population consists of clones descended from four or five interspecies couplings.

Green explains that siRNAs must be encapsulated in particles that are different from those used to carry DNA because siRNAs are about 250 times smaller than the DNA molecules usually used for gene therapy.

Taking their cue from nature, where structurally well - defined biopolymers are the norm, e.g. in DNA and genes where slight variations to the order of a small number of organic molecules gives rise to the diverse spectrum of life, they have developed a self - sorting strategy that regulates the order molecules take when forming long chain polymers.

Dr Clarkson and his team joined up with researchers Dr Andrea Brancale and Dr Andrew Westwell from the Cardiff University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, to develop small chemical inhibitors of the Bcl3 gene.

Upon sequencing the DNA, they found that DNA fragments containing mutated genes — markers of tumors — were typically smaller than healthy versions of the gene from within the same patient.

In an independent effort, they introduced progressively smaller pieces of DNA from the large region known to contain the gene into embryos of the mutant mice, looking for the smallest piece that would correct the mutation in adult mice and restore a normal rhythm.

The surprises are apparently far from over: Another kind of RNA can detect levels of small molecules that help a cell run smoothly, and switch genes on or off depending on the cell's needs.

The reduction varied from 14 percent for a small error in the gene to cutting risk by about 50 percent when an entire copy of the gene was disabled.

In most animals, these HOX genes are active only in a small section of the backbone, where ribs sprout from the spinal column.

With funding from foreign backers and the Finnish government, the scientists formed a small company, GeneOS, in Helsinki, where they are working on how the gene and its protein work.

Instead of using the usual small set of DNA markers, both teams compared hundreds of genes from up to 40 spider species to build a family tree that included all the web builders.

And when they sequenced Sputnik's genome, they found its small ring of DNA contained genes from three different viral families, including Mamavirus.

From the moment of conception, a father's genes favor offspring that are large, strong, and aggressive (the better to court the ladies), while the mother's genes incline toward smaller progeny that will be less of a burden, making it easier for her to live on and procreate.

One way to control expression, he explains, is through microRNA, small pieces of noncoding genetic material that control whether a gene's protein is generated from the DNA blueprints inside cell nuclei.

Doing the screen involves using short pieces of RNA, called small hairpin RNAs, which are inserted into the cell and are able to halt messages from specific genes, keeping the genes from making proteins.

The number of genes differentially expressed in tissue samples from the two groups turned out to be surprisingly small — just 14 in all.

To discover those genes, Esther van der Knaap, a Tanksley alumnus now at The Ohio State University, says she went straight for the heirlooms, which exhibit a range from the Jersey Devil's small, chili - pepper shape to plump, cracked beefsteaks known as Radiator Charlie's Mortgage Lifter.

From insects to mammals, a small set of genes and proteins controls the orientation of the body's cells and tissues

«Inhibiting RGS1 didn't prevent autoimmune diabetes from happening, which is slightly disappointing but not surprising because any one of these genes in humans has a very small effect on risk,» says Dr. Kissler.

«The chance of the gene being lost over and over again in the other lineages seems vanishingly small compared with a single transfer from a metazoan to a bacteria.»

These genes exist on plasmids, small segments of DNA that are capable of moving from one bacterium to another, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species.

One effective approach is to deliver drugs made from small molecules of ribonucleic acid, or RNA, which are used to inhibit gene expression.

Small RNA molecules originally developed as a tool to study gene function trigger a mechanism hidden in every cell that forces the cell to commit suicide, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study, the first to identify molecules to trigger a fail - safe mechanism that may protect us from cancer.

In the early 1980s, genetic engineering had just made the leap from the laboratory to the boardroom, as corporations made small fortunes inserting genes into Escherichia coli to produce insulin, growth hormones, and other valuable molecules.

The team collected two small skin samples from each, and then cultured the cells in the lab and inserted the gene that makes fireflies glow into the gene that regulates the cells» clock.

What that indicates, Gingeras says, is that the long RNA molecules are being copied from near the front of a gene, where they interfere with the gene's production until they are reduced to smaller pieces.

Moffitt researchers want to develop a fast, cost - effective blood test that can accurately differentiate low - risk IPMNs that can be monitored from high - risk IPMNs that need to be surgically removed by studying microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small molecules that regulate key genes involved in the development and progression of cancer.

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

Now, researchers report promising results from two small gene - therapy studies that mimic this strategy, hinting that the field may be moving closer to a cure that works for the masses.

The study focused on a small subset of nuclear receptors, a large family of proteins that regulate gene expression in response to signals from various binding partners, including steroids and fats.

Other blood disorders that have shown significant benefit from targeted gene therapy in small trials include hemophilia (specifically, factor IX deficiency), severe beta - thalassemia (deficiency for the adult beta - globin gene) and leukemia, where the patient's immune cells were treated to enable them to recognize cancer cells and destroy them.

But after analyzing the Hofstenia transcriptome, the team determined that the three - banded panther worm and planarians are only very distantly related, a view that had been proposed based on analyses with sequences from a small number of genes.

It was established that the addition or removal of several small chemical groups to or from DNA could affect gene expression.

One surprise in the genetic data is that both populations of Native Americans have a small admixture of genes from East Asians and Australo - Melanesians, including Papuans, Solomon Islanders and Southeast Asian hunter gatherers.

They collected gene expression data from six genetically diverse breast cancer cell lines, which were each exposed to 109 small - molecule drugs at multiple dosages and time points.

«The catalogue of genes involved in immune defence responses is well conserved among different bee species regardless of their level of social organisation,» explained Dr. Robert Waterhouse from the University of Geneva and the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, «but it is much smaller than in solitary insects such as flies and mosquitoes that often live in more pathogen - rich environments.»

There's also a long - term risk from the gene therapy that we think is small, because we've genetically altered the T cells with a viral vector that's actually a modified, non-pathogenic form of HIV, the AIDS virus.